Memory RVS Flashcards
The process by which we encode, store and retrieve information
Memory
The initial, momentary storage of information lasting only an instant
Sensory memory
Memory that hold information for 15-25 seconds
Short-term memory
Memory that stores information on a relatively permanent basis, although it may be difficult to retrieve
Long-term memory
A meaningful grouping of stimuli that can be stored as an unit in short-term memory
Chunk
The repetition of information that has entered short-term memory
Rehearsal
A set of active, temporary memory stores that actively manipulate and rehearse information
Working memory
Memory for factual information (IE: names, faces, dates, and the like
Declarative memory
Memory for skills and habits such as riding a bike; sometimes referred to as nondeclarative memory
Procedural memory
Memory for general knowledge and facts about the world, as well as memory for the riles of logic that are used to deduce other facts.
Semantic memory
Memory for events that occur in a particular time, place, or context.
Episodic memory
Mental representation of clusters of interconnected information
Semantic networks
The inability to recall information that one realizes one knows- a result of the difficulty of retrieving information from long-term memory.
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Memory task in which specific information must be retrieved
Recall
Memory task in which individuals are presented with a stimulus and asked whether they have been exposed to it in the past or to identify it from a list of alternatives
Recognition
The theory of memory that emphasizes the degree to which new material is mentally analyzed
Levels-of-processing theory
Intentional or conscious recollection of information
Explicit memory
Memories of which people are not consciously aware but that can affect subsequent performance and behavior
Implicit memory
A phenomenon in which exposure to a work or concept later makes if easier to recall related information, even when there is no conscious memory of the word or concept
Priming
Memories centered on a specific, important, or surprising event that are so vivid it is as if the represented a snapshot of the events
Flashbulb memories
Processes in which memories are influenced by the meaning we give to events
Constructive processes
Organized bodies of information is interpreted, stored and recalled
Schemas
Out recollections of circumstances and episodes from our own lives
Autobiographical memories
The loss of information in memory though its nonuse
Decay
The phenomenon by which information in memory disrupts the recall of other information
Interference
Forgetting that occurs when there are insufficient retrieval cues to rekindle information that is in memory
Cue-dependent forgetting
Interference in which information learned earlier disrupts the recall of newer material
Proactive interference
Interference in which there is difficulty in the recall of information learned earlier because of later exposure to different material
Retroactive interference
An illness characterized in part by severe memory problems
Alzheimer?s disease
Memory loss that occurs without other mental difficulties
Amnesia
Amnesia in which memory is lot for occurrences prior to a certain event
Retrograde amnesia
Amnesia in which memory is lost for events that fallow an injury
Anterograde amnesia
A disease that afflicts long-term alcoholics, leaving some abilities intact but including hallucinations and tendency to repeat the same story
Korsakoff?s syndrome
