Learning RVS Flashcards

1
Q

A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience

A

Learning

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2
Q

A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus come o bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response

A

Classical conditioning

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3
Q

A stimulus that before conditioning does not naturally bring about the response of interest

A

Neutral stimulus

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4
Q

A stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned

A

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

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5
Q

A response that is natural and need no training

A

Unconditioned response (UCR)

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6
Q

A one- neutral stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus to bring about a response formally caused by the unconditioned stimulus

A

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

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7
Q

A response that after conditioning, fallows a previously neutral stimulus

A

Conditioned response (CR)

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8
Q

A basic phenomenon of learning that occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears.

A

Extinction

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9
Q

The reemergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest and with no further conditioning

A

Spontaneous recovery

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10
Q

A process in which , after a stimulus has been conditioned to produce a particular response, stimulus that are similar to the original stimulus produce the same response

A

Stimulus generalization

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11
Q

The process that occurs if two stimuli are sufficiently distinct from one another that one evokes a conditioned response but the other does not the ability to differentiate between stimuli

A

Stimulus discrimination

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12
Q

Learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences

A

Operant conditioning

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13
Q

The process y which a stimulus increases the preceding behavior will be repeated

A

Reinforcement

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14
Q

Any stimulus that increases the probability that a preceding behavior will occur again

A

Reinforce

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15
Q

A stimulus added to the environment that brings about an increase in a proceeding response

A

Positive reinforce

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16
Q

An unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future

A

Negative reinforce

17
Q

A stimulus that deceases the probability that a previous behavior will occur again

A

Punishment

18
Q

Different patterns of frequency and timing of reinforcement fallowing desired behavior

A

Schedules of reinforcement

19
Q

Reinforcing of a behavior every time it occurs

A

Continuous reinforcement schedule

20
Q

Reinforcing of a behavior some but not all of the time

A

Partial (or intermittent) reinforcement schedule

21
Q

A schedule by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made

A

Fixed-ratio schedule

22
Q

A schedule by which reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses rather than after fixed number.

A

Variable-ratio schedule

23
Q

A schedule that provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed, making overall rates of response relatively low

A

Fixed-interval schedule

24
Q

A schedule by which the time between reinforcement variable around some average rather then being fixed

A

Variable-interval schedule

25
Process of teaching a complex behavior by rewarding closer and closer approximation of the desired behavior
Shaping
26
A formalized technique for promoting the frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones.
Behavior modification
27
An approach to the study of learning that focuses on the thought processes that underlie learning
Cognitive learning theory
28
Learning in which a new behavior is acquired but is not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it
Latent learning
29
Learning by observing the behavior of another person or model.
Observational learning