Learning RVS Flashcards
A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience
Learning
A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus come o bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response
Classical conditioning
A stimulus that before conditioning does not naturally bring about the response of interest
Neutral stimulus
A stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
A response that is natural and need no training
Unconditioned response (UCR)
A one- neutral stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus to bring about a response formally caused by the unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
A response that after conditioning, fallows a previously neutral stimulus
Conditioned response (CR)
A basic phenomenon of learning that occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears.
Extinction
The reemergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest and with no further conditioning
Spontaneous recovery
A process in which , after a stimulus has been conditioned to produce a particular response, stimulus that are similar to the original stimulus produce the same response
Stimulus generalization
The process that occurs if two stimuli are sufficiently distinct from one another that one evokes a conditioned response but the other does not the ability to differentiate between stimuli
Stimulus discrimination
Learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences
Operant conditioning
The process y which a stimulus increases the preceding behavior will be repeated
Reinforcement
Any stimulus that increases the probability that a preceding behavior will occur again
Reinforce
A stimulus added to the environment that brings about an increase in a proceeding response
Positive reinforce
An unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future
Negative reinforce
A stimulus that deceases the probability that a previous behavior will occur again
Punishment
Different patterns of frequency and timing of reinforcement fallowing desired behavior
Schedules of reinforcement
Reinforcing of a behavior every time it occurs
Continuous reinforcement schedule
Reinforcing of a behavior some but not all of the time
Partial (or intermittent) reinforcement schedule
A schedule by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made
Fixed-ratio schedule
A schedule by which reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses rather than after fixed number.
Variable-ratio schedule
A schedule that provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed, making overall rates of response relatively low
Fixed-interval schedule
A schedule by which the time between reinforcement variable around some average rather then being fixed
Variable-interval schedule
Process of teaching a complex behavior by rewarding closer and closer approximation of the desired behavior
Shaping
A formalized technique for promoting the frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones.
Behavior modification
An approach to the study of learning that focuses on the thought processes that underlie learning
Cognitive learning theory
Learning in which a new behavior is acquired but is not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it
Latent learning
Learning by observing the behavior of another person or model.
Observational learning
