Learning RVS

Question 1

A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience

Answer 1

Learning

Question 2

A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus come o bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response

Answer 2

Classical conditioning

Question 3

A stimulus that before conditioning does not naturally bring about the response of interest

Answer 3

Neutral stimulus

Question 4

A stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned

Answer 4

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Question 5

A response that is natural and need no training

Answer 5

Unconditioned response (UCR)

Question 6

A one- neutral stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus to bring about a response formally caused by the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 6

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Question 7

A response that after conditioning, fallows a previously neutral stimulus

Answer 7

Conditioned response (CR)

Question 8

A basic phenomenon of learning that occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears.

Answer 8

Extinction

Question 9

The reemergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest and with no further conditioning

Answer 9

Spontaneous recovery

Question 10

A process in which , after a stimulus has been conditioned to produce a particular response, stimulus that are similar to the original stimulus produce the same response

Answer 10

Stimulus generalization

Question 11

The process that occurs if two stimuli are sufficiently distinct from one another that one evokes a conditioned response but the other does not the ability to differentiate between stimuli

Answer 11

Stimulus discrimination

Question 12

Learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences

Answer 12

Operant conditioning

Question 13

The process y which a stimulus increases the preceding behavior will be repeated

Answer 13

Reinforcement

Question 14

Any stimulus that increases the probability that a preceding behavior will occur again

Answer 14

Reinforce

Question 15

A stimulus added to the environment that brings about an increase in a proceeding response

Answer 15

Positive reinforce

Question 16

An unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future

Answer 16

Negative reinforce

Question 17

A stimulus that deceases the probability that a previous behavior will occur again

Answer 17

Punishment

Question 18

Different patterns of frequency and timing of reinforcement fallowing desired behavior

Answer 18

Schedules of reinforcement

Question 19

Reinforcing of a behavior every time it occurs

Answer 19

Continuous reinforcement schedule

Question 20

Reinforcing of a behavior some but not all of the time

Answer 20

Partial (or intermittent) reinforcement schedule

Question 21

A schedule by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made

Answer 21

Fixed-ratio schedule

Question 22

A schedule by which reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses rather than after fixed number.

Answer 22

Variable-ratio schedule

Question 23

A schedule that provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed, making overall rates of response relatively low

Answer 23

Fixed-interval schedule

Question 24

A schedule by which the time between reinforcement variable around some average rather then being fixed

Answer 24

Variable-interval schedule

Question 25

Process of teaching a complex behavior by rewarding closer and closer approximation of the desired behavior

Answer 25

Shaping

Question 26

A formalized technique for promoting the frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones.

Answer 26

Behavior modification

Question 27

An approach to the study of learning that focuses on the thought processes that underlie learning

Answer 27

Cognitive learning theory

Question 28

Learning in which a new behavior is acquired but is not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it

Answer 28

Latent learning

Question 29

Learning by observing the behavior of another person or model.

Answer 29

Observational learning