Memory Flashcards
Memory
The process by which we encode, store and retrieve information
<p>Sensory memory</p>
<p>The initial, momentary storage of information lasting only an instant</p>
<p>Short-term memory</p>
<p>Memory that hold information for 15-25 seconds</p>
<p>Long-term memory</p>
<p>Memory that stores information on a relatively permanent basis, although it may be difficult to retrieve</p>
<p>Chunk</p>
<p>A meaningful grouping of stimuli that can be stored as an unit in short-term memory</p>
<p>Rehearsal</p>
<p>The repetition of information that has entered short-term memory</p>
<p>Working memory</p>
<p>A set of active, temporary memory stores that actively manipulate and rehearse information</p>
<p>Declarative memory</p>
<p>Memory for factual information (IE: names, faces, dates, and the like</p>
<p>Procedural memory</p>
<p>Memory for skills and habits such as riding a bike; sometimes referred to as nondeclarative memory</p>
<p>Semantic memory</p>
<p>Memory for general knowledge and facts about the world, as well as memory for the riles of logic that are used to deduce other facts.</p>
<p>Episodic memory</p>
<p>Memory for events that occur in a particular time, place, or context.</p>
<p>Semantic networks</p>
<p>Mental representation of clusters of interconnected information</p>
<p>Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon</p>
<p>The inability to recall information that one realizes one knows- a result of the difficulty of retrieving information from long-term memory.</p>
<p>Recall</p>
<p>Memory task in which specific information must be retrieved</p>
<p>Recognition</p>
<p>Memory task in which individuals are presented with a stimulus and asked whether they have been exposed to it in the past or to identify it from a list of alternatives</p>
<p>Levels-of-processing theory</p>
<p>The theory of memory that emphasizes the degree to which new material is mentally analyzed</p>
<p>Explicit memory</p>
<p>Intentional or conscious recollection of information</p>
<p>Implicit memory</p>
<p>Memories of which people are not consciously aware but that can affect subsequent performance and behavior</p>
<p>Priming</p>
<p>A phenomenon in which exposure to a work or concept later makes if easier to recall related information, even when there is no conscious memory of the word or concept</p>
<p>Flashbulb memories</p>
<p>Memories centered on a specific, important, or surprising event that are so vivid it is as if the represented a snapshot of the events</p>
<p>Constructive processes</p>
<p>Processes in which memories are influenced by the meaning we give to events</p>
<p>Schemas</p>
<p>Organized bodies of information is interpreted, stored and recalled</p>
<p>Autobiographical memories</p>
<p>Out recollections of circumstances and episodes from our own lives</p>
<p>Decay</p>
<p>The loss of information in memory though its nonuse</p>
Interference
The phenomenon by which information in memory disrupts the recall of other information
Cue-dependent forgetting
Forgetting that occurs when there are insufficient retrieval cues to rekindle information that is in memory
Proactive interference
Interference in which information learned earlier disrupts the recall of newer material
Retroactive interference
Interference in which there is difficulty in the recall of information learned earlier because of later exposure to different material
Alzheimer?s disease
An illness characterized in part by severe memory problems
Amnesia
Memory loss that occurs without other mental difficulties
Retrograde amnesia
Amnesia in which memory is lot for occurrences prior to a certain event
Anterograde amnesia
Amnesia in which memory is lost for events that fallow an injury
Korsakoff?s syndrome
A disease that afflicts long-term alcoholics, leaving some abilities intact but including hallucinations and tendency to repeat the same story
