Memory Flashcards
Memory
The process by which we encode, store and retrieve information
<p>Sensory memory</p>
<p>The initial, momentary storage of information lasting only an instant</p>
<p>Short-term memory</p>
<p>Memory that hold information for 15-25 seconds</p>
<p>Long-term memory</p>
<p>Memory that stores information on a relatively permanent basis, although it may be difficult to retrieve</p>
<p>Chunk</p>
<p>A meaningful grouping of stimuli that can be stored as an unit in short-term memory</p>
<p>Rehearsal</p>
<p>The repetition of information that has entered short-term memory</p>
<p>Working memory</p>
<p>A set of active, temporary memory stores that actively manipulate and rehearse information</p>
<p>Declarative memory</p>
<p>Memory for factual information (IE: names, faces, dates, and the like</p>
<p>Procedural memory</p>
<p>Memory for skills and habits such as riding a bike; sometimes referred to as nondeclarative memory</p>
<p>Semantic memory</p>
<p>Memory for general knowledge and facts about the world, as well as memory for the riles of logic that are used to deduce other facts.</p>
<p>Episodic memory</p>
<p>Memory for events that occur in a particular time, place, or context.</p>
<p>Semantic networks</p>
<p>Mental representation of clusters of interconnected information</p>
<p>Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon</p>
<p>The inability to recall information that one realizes one knows- a result of the difficulty of retrieving information from long-term memory.</p>
<p>Recall</p>
<p>Memory task in which specific information must be retrieved</p>
<p>Recognition</p>
<p>Memory task in which individuals are presented with a stimulus and asked whether they have been exposed to it in the past or to identify it from a list of alternatives</p>
<p>Levels-of-processing theory</p>
<p>The theory of memory that emphasizes the degree to which new material is mentally analyzed</p>
<p>Explicit memory</p>
<p>Intentional or conscious recollection of information</p>
<p>Implicit memory</p>
<p>Memories of which people are not consciously aware but that can affect subsequent performance and behavior</p>
<p>Priming</p>
<p>A phenomenon in which exposure to a work or concept later makes if easier to recall related information, even when there is no conscious memory of the word or concept</p>
<p>Flashbulb memories</p>
<p>Memories centered on a specific, important, or surprising event that are so vivid it is as if the represented a snapshot of the events</p>
<p>Constructive processes</p>
<p>Processes in which memories are influenced by the meaning we give to events</p>
<p>Schemas</p>
<p>Organized bodies of information is interpreted, stored and recalled</p>
<p>Autobiographical memories</p>
<p>Out recollections of circumstances and episodes from our own lives</p>
<p>Decay</p>
<p>The loss of information in memory though its nonuse</p>
<p>Interference</p>
<p>The phenomenon by which information in memory disrupts the recall of other information</p>
<p>Cue-dependent forgetting</p>
<p>Forgetting that occurs when there are insufficient retrieval cues to rekindle information that is in memory</p>
<p>Proactive interference</p>
<p>Interference in which information learned earlier disrupts the recall of newer material</p>
<p>Retroactive interference</p>
<p>Interference in which there is difficulty in the recall of information learned earlier because of later exposure to different material</p>
<p>Alzheimer?s disease</p>
<p>An illness characterized in part by severe memory problems</p>
<p>Amnesia</p>
<p>Memory loss that occurs without other mental difficulties</p>
<p>Retrograde amnesia</p>
<p>Amnesia in which memory is lot for occurrences prior to a certain event</p>
<p>Anterograde amnesia</p>
<p>Amnesia in which memory is lost for events that fallow an injury</p>
<p>Korsakoff?s syndrome</p>
<p>A disease that afflicts long-term alcoholics, leaving some abilities intact but including hallucinations and tendency to repeat the same story</p>
