Thinking

Question 1

Mental activity associated with processing, understanding, and communicating information

Answer 1

Cognition

Question 2

Metacognition is

Answer 2

Thinking about thinking

Question 3

Another phrase for metacognition is

Answer 3

Self reflecting

Question 4

Cognitive psychology is the study of what four topics

Answer 4

Concept formation, problem solving, decision making, judgement formation

Question 5

The study of logical and illogical thinking

Answer 5

Cognition

Question 6

Thinking concept is

Answer 6

Mental grouping of similar objects, events, or people

Question 7

Can be defined by having a set of characteristics that all members have and no nonmembers have

Answer 7

Artificial concepts

Question 8

What are the two characteristics of natural concepts

Answer 8

Basic and prototypical

Question 9

A generalization based of experiences in the real world

Answer 9

Schemas

Question 10

Simple concepts have

Answer 10

A common feature

Question 11

Conjunctive and disjunctive concepts are

Answer 11

Complex concepts

Question 12

Simultaneous presence of two or more common characteristics

Answer 12

Conjunctive concepts

Question 13

Presence of one common characteristic or another or both

Answer 13

Disjunctive concepts

Question 14

In order from most to least, what are the levels of natural concept inclusiveness

Answer 14

Superordinate, basic, subordinate

Question 15

Comparing a feathered creature to a robin bird is an example of what

Answer 15

Prototype

Question 16

What are the three classes of problems

Answer 16

Inducing structure, transformation, arrangement

Question 17

Discover relations among numbers, words, symbols, or ideas

Answer 17

Inducing structure

Question 18

Carry out a sequence of transformations

Answer 18

Transformation

Question 19

Arrange parts of a problem in a way that satisfies some criteria

Answer 19

Arrangement

Question 20

Formulating a problem

Answer 20

Clearly defining it

Question 21

Problem solving is

Answer 21

Cognitive process in which formation is used to reach a goal blocked by an obstacle

Question 22

Mental sets are

Answer 22

Habitual ways of thinking

Question 23

Guaranteed step by step method of problem solving

Answer 23

Algorithm

Question 24

Heuristic

Answer 24

Making judgements to solve a problem

Question 25

Which is more prone to errors, algorithm or heuristic

Answer 25

Heuristic

Question 26

Insight

Answer 26

A sudden realization of the solution

Question 27

Problem space

Answer 27

The set of possible pathways to a solution considered by a problem solver

Question 28

Trying possible solutions and disregarding the errors until one fits

Answer 28

Trial and error

Question 29

What is the difference between available heuristic and representative heuristic

Answer 29

Estimating the probability of events based off memory vs judging the likelihood of something based off prototypes

Question 30

Recognition heuristic

Answer 30

Assuming the recognized alternative is better than the not recognized alternative

Question 31

Risky decision making

Answer 31

Make a choice under conditions of uncertainty

Question 32

Breaking the problem into subgoals

Answer 32

Subgoal

Question 33

Starting at the end and working backwards

Answer 33

Working backwards

Question 34

Examples of changing the representation of the problem

Answer 34

A list, graph, or picture

Question 35

Hill climbing

Answer 35

Problems with an indirect pathway

Question 36

Taking a break can lead to

Answer 36

Insight

Question 37

Incubation effect

Answer 37

When a solution comes up after not thinking about it for a period of time

Question 38

The tendency to be more confident than correct

Answer 38

Overconfident

Question 39

Framing

Answer 39

The way an issue is posed

Question 40

The tendency to search for information that confirms one's precognition

Answer 40

Confirmation bias

Question 41

Fixation

Answer 41

Inability to see a problem from a new perspective

Question 42

Mental set

Answer 42

A tendency to approach a problem a particular way, especially if it has worked in the past

Question 43

The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions

Answer 43

Functional fixedness

Question 44

Sunk Cost Fallacy

Answer 44

Phenomenon where a person won't abandon a strategy because they've heavily invested in it even if it's clearly the best option

Question 45

What is the difference between convergent and divergent thinking

Answer 45

Logical vs loosely organized

Question 46

The ability to act or think in novel ways that are valued by others

Answer 46

Creativity

Question 47

True or False: IQ and creativity have a strong correlation

Answer 47

False

Question 48

Inductive reasoning

Answer 48

Reaches a generalized conclusion based off specific scenarios

Question 49

Deductive reasoning

Answer 49

A logical approach where you progress from general ideas to specific conclusions

Question 50

The tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning

Answer 50

Belief bias

Question 51

Belief perseverance

Answer 51

Clinging to one's initial concepts after their bias as discreated

Question 52

People tend to do simple strategies that typically end in irrational solutions

Answer 52

Theory of bounded rationality

Question 53

Addictive strategies

Answer 53

List the attributes

Question 54

Elimination strategies

Answer 54

Gradually eliminate less attractive alternatives