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Psych AP > Forgetting > Flashcards

Forgetting Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three memory failures

A

Encoding, storage, retrieval

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2
Q

Failure of encoding

A

The information never gets in

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3
Q

Failure of storage

A

Fading of the memory record

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4
Q

Failure of retrieval

A

Lack of retrieval cues; interference

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5
Q

The three sins of forgetting

A

Absent mindedness, transience-unused, blocking-inaccessibility

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6
Q

Which two psychologist studied transience-unused

A

Ebbinghaus and Bahrick

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7
Q

Transience-unused means

A

Information fades

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8
Q

Blocking-inaccessibility

A

Blocking of stored information

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9
Q

Absent mindedness is what type of failure

A

Encoding

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10
Q

Blocking is what type of failure

A

Retrieval

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11
Q

What happens when forgetting is an encoding failure

A

Selective attention and/or information never enters the memory

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12
Q

What are the three types of storage decays

A

Memory traces, memory decay, disuse

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13
Q

Define memory traces

A

Physical changes in nerve cells or brain activity that occur when memory is stored

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14
Q

Define memory decay

A

When memory traces become weaker; fading or weakening of memories

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15
Q

Define disuse

A

Theory that memory traces weaken when memories are not used

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16
Q

Ebbinghaus studied the forgetting curve of how long

A

30 days

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17
Q

Bahrick studied the forgetting curve of how long

A

3 years

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18
Q

Retrieval failure includes what two inferences

A

Retroactive and proactive

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19
Q

Define inference

A

The tendency of new/old memories to impair the retrieval of new/old memories

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20
Q

The tendency of new learning to interfere with old learning

A

Retroactive

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21
Q

The tendency of old learning to interfere with new learning

A

Proactive

22
Q

Retroactive: __ interferes with __ causing you to not remember __

A

B interferes with A causing you to not remember A

23
Q

Proactive: __ interferes with __ causing you to not remember __

A

A interferes with B causing you to not remember B

24
Q

Mastery of one task conflicts with learning or preforming another

A

Negative transfer

25
Q

Mastery of one task aids with learning or preforming another

A

Positive transfer

26
Q

True or False: Forgetting can happen at any stage in memory

A

True

27
Q

What are the three sins of distortion

A

Misattribution, suggestibility, bias

28
Q

What is the one sin of intrusion

A

Persistence

29
Q

Confusing the source of information

A

Misattribution or source amnesia

30
Q

Lingering effects of misinformation

A

Suggestibility or the misinformation effect

31
Q

Belief colored recollection

A

Bias

32
Q

People unknowingly revising history

A

Motivated forgetting

33
Q

Defense mechanism that banishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

A

Repression

34
Q

Define memory construction

A

We filter information and fill in the missing pieces

35
Q

What’s the misinformation effect

A

Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory

36
Q

Source monitoring error is known as

A

Misattribution effect

37
Q

Define source montioring

A

Making attribution about the source of a memory

38
Q

Define cryptomnesia

A

Accidental plagiarism that occurs when people come up with an idea they were already exposed to earlier

39
Q

Define reality monitoring

A

The process of deciding whether memories are based on external or internal sources

40
Q

Recalling the receipent of the information

A

Destination memory

41
Q

What are the three types of amnesia

A

Source, retrograde, anterograde

42
Q

Attributing to the wrong source of an event that we experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined

A

Source amnesia

43
Q

Forgetting events before an injury

A

Retrograde amnesia

44
Q

Forgetting events after an injury

A

Anterograde amnesia

45
Q

What is the difference between repression and surpression

A

Repression is unconsciously forgetting emotionally significant events while suppression is consciously forgetting them

46
Q

Define false memory syndrome

A

A person’s identity and relationships center around a false yet strongly believed memory of a traumatic events

47
Q

Can therapist cause false memory syndrome

A

Yes

48
Q

Alzheimer’s disease is

A

The build up of proteins in the brain causing neurons to die

49
Q

Alzheimer’s disease has a lack of

A

Acetylcholine

50
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome is

A

Damage to the mid-brain where memories are stored

51
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome has a lack of

A

Thiamine

Psych AP (16 decks)

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