THINGS SHE STRESSED PT 2-From Steve's Study Guide-Lecture 2/27 Flashcards
3 manifestations of P waves in escape rhythms?
One lacks a P-Wave, one has inverted P-wave, and you have one where it appears after the QRS.
Atrial Dysrhythmias common cause of ______
stroke
Atrial Dysrhythmias-If in the right atria, and travels to lungs, they would get a______
pulmonary embolism
Atrial Dysrhythmias-Most often, the concern is the ____atrial clot, it can move from LA into the arterial circulation and get to the brain where an ______ occurs
LEFT; EMBOLIC STROKE
If a patient has Premature Atrial contraction it’s just he _____contraction that’s ectopic (does not come from SA node)
ATRIAL
comes from Purkinje fibers, happens when SA and AV node fail to fire, the Purkinje will fire to get the ventricles to move. It’s about 15 to 40 BPM
Ventricular Escape rhythm
A FIB and Flutter can BOTH cause ______ formation
thrombi
Try to suppress A-Fib with ______ and ________
beta blockers; anti arrythmics
There’s a bizarre QRS (it can have a negative deflection) it can have a polymorphic- one up, one down as at left
PVC’s
a type of V-Tach/DEADLY
Torsades de Pointes
P waves are not
associated with the QRS complexes.
V TACH
no identifiable QRS complexes
V Fib
characterized by progressive prolongation of the PR interval until one P wave is not conducted; associated with AV nodal ischemia
Second Degree Type 1 Atrioventricular Block
Every QRS has a P wave but not every P wave has a QRS
Second Degree Type 2 Atrioventricular Block
can remain in the chest for 18 months or longer which
can monitor for arrhythmias.
DS loop recorder for 3rd degree block
PR interval will be greater than .2
First Degree Atrioventricular Block
How to treat coronary heart disease?
Baby aspirin, no more than 81mg, and a statin
-a cholesterol lowering drugs. Statins given
to prevent heart attack, slow down inflammatory process in these plaques, slow down the coagulation.
Characterized by stenotic atherosclerotic coronary vessels
.
Onset of anginal pain is generally
predictable and elicited by similar stimuli each time
.
Relieved by rest and nitroglycerin
Stable/typical angina
May progress to acute infarction
Unstable/crescendo angina
Onset of symptoms is unrelated to physical or emotional exertion, heart rate, or other
obvious causes of increased myocardial oxygen d
emand
Prinzmental/variant angina
Characterized by vasospasms and abnormal calcium flux
Prinzmental/variant angina
Acute coronary syndrome is an umbrella term for ____ and ______
unstable angina; MI
Any of the coronary heart syndromes may produce sudden ______
cardiac death
acute full occlusion of a coronary artery that leads to death of the myocardium tissue due to lack
of oxygen
STEMI
For candidates getting acute reperfusion therapy, how does the cardiologist do it?
angioplasty and stent
Patients preventing with symptoms of unstable angina with
no ST segment elevation, these patients have
______
NSTEMI
S/S
Severe crushing, excruciating chest pa
in that may radiate to the arm shoulder, jaw, or back
accompanied by nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis (sweating), shortness of breath
ACS
In women (and the elderly
and those with diabetic neuropathies)
Atypical symptoms, including fatigue
ACS
ECG changes for ACS include _____ elevation, large ____- waves, inverted _____ waves, and deep Q waves which equal old _____
ST; Q; T; MI
What’s the treatment for ACS?
Decrease myocardial oxygen demand; beta blockers; PCI (angioplasty with a stent); if not PCI then CABG
You hear a low pitched, rumbling _____ murmur in mitral stenosis
diastolic
enlargement and failure of the right ventricle which can happen in mitral stenosis
cor pulmonale
Increased CK-MB and troponin I and T
ACS
Acute occlusion: plaque disruption and thrombus formation and results in _______ OR ______
unstable angina or MI
