Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PATHO EXAM 2 > Cardiac Alterations-Slides 44 On > Flashcards

Cardiac Alterations-Slides 44 On Flashcards

1
Q

Displacement (ballooning) of the mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during ventricular systole

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Typically asymptomatic

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Woman usually affected more than men

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Midsystolic click or systolic murmur

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

palpitations; rhythm abnormalities; dizziness; fatigue; dyspnea; chest pain; or depression and anxiety

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Predominant cause is age-related calcium deposits on the aortic cusps

A

Aortic Stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Left ventricle hypertrophy may result in ischemia and left-sided heart failure

A

Aortic Stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Crescendo-decrescendo murmur during ventricular systole with prominent S4; syncope; fatigue; angina

A

Aortic Stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Results in obstruction of aortic outflow from the left ventricle into the aorta during systole

A

Aortic Stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Incompetent aortic valve allows blood to leak back from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole

A

Aortic Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Causes: abnormal aortic valve or aortic root dilation

A

Aortic Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Leads to left ventricle hypertrophy and dilation with eventual left-sided heart failure

A

Aortic Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

High-pitched blowing murmur during ventricular diastole;

A

Aortic Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

high systolic blood pressure; diastolic blood pressure usually low; palpitations

A

Aortic Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acute inflammatory disease that follows infection with group A β-hemolytic streptococci

A

Rheumatic heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Damage is due to immune attack on the individual’s own tissues

A

Rheumatic heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Antibodies against the streptococcal antigens damage connective tissue in joints, heart, skin

A

Rheumatic heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Occurs mainly in children

A

Rheumatic heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fever; sore throat; joint inflammation; erythema marginatum, involuntary movements (Sydenham chorea); and a distinctive truncal rash

A

Rheumatic heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Invasion and colonization of endocardial structures by microorganisms with resulting inflammation—vegetations

A

Infective endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the most common bacteria in infective endocarditis

A

Staph and Strepto

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Prognosis poor

Intravenous drug users susceptible

A

Acute infective endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Predisposing risk factors typically present

A

Subacute infective endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

inflammatory disorder of the heart muscle characterized by necrosis and degeneration of myocytes

A

Myocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Clinical course: acute and stormy, with recovery or death from cardiac failure occurring weeks to months after the onset of symptoms

A

Myocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

may be genetic or acquired and is noninflammatory

A

Cardiomyopathy

27
Q

Evolve more insidiously over years, with few symptoms until the heart slips into failure

A

Cardiomyopathy

28
Q

Characterized by inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, necrosis of cardiac muscle cells

A

Myocarditis

29
Q

Causes include microbial agents, immune-mediated diseases, physical agents

A

Myocarditis

30
Q

Viral etiology most common

A

Myocarditis

31
Q

Characterized by left ventricular dysfunction (“flabby” with patchy or diffuse necrotic lesions) and general dilation of all four chambers

A

Myocarditis

32
Q

Classified by cause or functional impairment

A

Cardiomyopathy

33
Q

Dysfunction of unknown cause is ______ cardiomyopathy

A

Primary cardiomyopathy

34
Q

Classified by cause or functional impairment is ____ cardiomyopathy

A

secondary

35
Q

Name the 3 functional classifications of cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive

36
Q

Cardiac failure associated with dilation of one or both ventricular chambers

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

37
Q 
May be related to:
Alcohol toxicity
Pregnancy
Postviral myocarditis
Genetic abnormality
A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

38
Q

Slow progression of biventricular heart failure with low ejection fraction

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

39
Q

Thickened, hyperkinetic ventricular muscle mass

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

40
Q

Septum may be affected, leading to idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

41
Q

Genetic abnormality: autosomal dominant pattern

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

42
Q

Clinical course is variable, typically slow progression

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

43
Q

Asymptomatic or dyspnea and angina

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

44
Q

Rarest form of cardiomyopathy

A

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

45
Q

Stiff, fibrotic, rigid, noncompliant ventricle with impaired diastolic filling

A

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

46
Q

Most commonly associated with amyloidosis

A

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

47
Q

Decreased cardiac output and left-sided heart failure can result

A

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

48
Q

Exercise intolerance, dyspnea, and weakness

A

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

49
Q

Presumed known origin

A

Specific Cardiomyopathy

50
Q

Present functionally as dilated, hypertrophic, or restrictive disorders

A

Specific Cardiomyopathy

51
Q

Typically sequelae of other disorders such as systemic infection, trauma, metabolic derangement, neoplasia

A

pericardial diseases

52
Q

Accumulation of noninflammatory fluid in the pericardial sac

A

pericardial effusion

53
Q 
Composition of usual fluids
Serous
Serosanguineous
Chylous
Blood
A

pericardial effusion

54
Q

When fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac is large/sudden it can lead to external compression of the heart chambers such that filling is impaired

A

Cardiac tamponade

55
Q

Reduced stroke volume
Compensatory increases in heart rate
Pulsus paradoxus
are manifestations of _______

A

Cardiac tamponade

56
Q

Hypotension, distended neck veins and muffled heart sounds called _______. Symptoms happen in ______

A

Beck’s triad; cardiac tamponade

57
Q

Treatment: pericardiocentesis

A

Cardiac tamponade

58
Q

Acute or chronic inflammation of the pericardium

A

Pericarditis

59
Q

healed stage of the acute form that results in chronic pericardial dysfunction

A

chronic pericarditis

60
Q

Most cases idiopathic and presumed viral

A

Acute pericarditis

61
Q

Uncomplicated form resolves spontaneously

A

Acute pericarditis

62
Q

Complicated forms involve pericardial effusion, or persistent/recurrent inflammation; requires hospitalization

A

Acute pericarditis

63
Q

Typically presents as chest pain; fever, leukocytosis, malaise, and tachycardia; friction rub

A

Acute pericarditis

PATHO EXAM 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions