Hypertension Flashcards
Most common primary diagnosis in the United States.
Responsible for an annual worldwide death rate of 7 million
Hypertension
What 4 things can hypertension lead to in terms of morbidity/mortality?
Increases morbidity and mortality associated with heart disease, kidney disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke
_______is a range of pressures between normal and stage 1 hypertension in an effort to initiate interventions early enough to prevent or deter progression of the disease process
Prehypertension
Determined by the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
Hypertension
What are the ranges for hypertension in terms of normal, prehypertension, stage 1 and stage 2?
Normal: SBP <120; DBP <80
Prehypertension: SBP 120-139 ;DBP 80-89
Type 1: SBP 140-159; DBP 90-99
Type 2: SBP > 160; DBP >100
Primary hypertension is also called ______hypertension, is an _______ disorder, and most ______form of hypertension
essential; idiopathic; common
In primary hypertension, it is rare prior to the age of ____ and _______ is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease
10; systolic BP
What are the 3 subtypes of primary hypertension?
isolated systolic
isolated diastolic
combined systolic and diastolic hypertension
systolic BP is ≥140 mm Hg while diastolic pressure remains <90 mm Hg
isolated systolic hypertension
diastolic pressure is ≥90 mm Hg with a systolic pressure of <140 mm Hg
isolated diastolic hypertension
both systolic and diastolic exceed prehypertension levels
combined systolic and diastolic hypertension
What are some non modifiable risk factors for primary hypertension?
Family history
Age
Ethnicity/Genetics
What are some modifiable risk factors for primary hypertension?
Dietary factors Sedentary lifestyle Obesity/weight gain Metabolic syndrome Elevated blood glucose levels/diabetes Elevated total cholesterol Alcohol and smoking
For primary hypertension, what are some risk factors to children and adolescents? What seems to reduce these risks?
Maternal smoking
Pregnancy induced hypertension
Dietary habits
Low birth rate followed by rapid growth in both height and weight
Lower socioeconomic level of mother
Inadequate intake of calcium by pregnant mother
Breastfeeding seems to reduce risks
Sometimes called the “silent killer” as damage has already occurred to organs before diagnosis is made
Primary Hypertension
In primary hypertension, outcomes include ______ damage
end organ
_____ failure, ____, heart disease outcomes of primary hypertension
renal, stroke
Damage to _____system and acceleration of ______lead to cardiovascular disease in primary hypertension
arterial; atherosclerosis
Increased myocardial work results in heart failure
in ________ hypertension
primary
