Things I need to know better...day 3 Flashcards
History of cervical spine issues + trauma –> bilateral arm weakness. What happened?
Central cord syndrome (decussating lateral spinothalamic tracts obstructed)
How is impetigo treated?
Topical antibiotic…like mupirocin
Patient has pain and swelling over coccyx. What is likely going on?
Pilonidal disease
What is seen on MRI with MS?
Multiple, bilateral, and asymmetric hyperintensive lesions in the periventricular white matter
What is enthesitis? What is associated with it?
Enthesitis is inflammation/tenderness of tendon/bone junctions
HLA-B27 arthropathies…like ankylosing spondylitis
Patient presentation makes you go “Tay-Sachs”…then it says hepatosplenomegaly. Now what do you think?
Niemann-Pick disease (sphingomyelinase deficiency)
What is chronic HBV treated with?
Tenofovir
A study loses a lot of its participants. What kind of bias is this?
Attrition bias…a form of selection bias
What drug that is used to treat benign essential tremors can cause colicky abdominal pain, confusion, headaches, hallucinations, and dizziness?
Primidone
Youngish patient has recurrent hematuria 4 days after a URI starts. What is going on?
IgA nephropathy
Post-infectious GN starts 10-21 days after infection…usually in kids
What causes Graft Versus Host Disease?
Donor T lymphocytes
Patient had right-sided weakness and is now comatose…exam finds a constricted, non-reactive right pupil and decreased right-sided reflexes. What is going on?
Left basal ganglia hemorrhage
What is seen on funduscopy of diabetic retinopathy?
Microaneurysms
Dot and blot hemorrhages
Hard exudates
Macular edema
Patient has history of rheumatic fever and has mitral stenosis. What should be done?
Penicillin G every 4 weeks
Young kid has conjunctivitis, oral mucosa (or mouth) changes, and cervical lymphadenopathy. What is going on?
Kawasaki…palm/sole desquamation is a late finding
What can be used to treat syphilis in penicillin allergic patients?
Doxycycline
What can aid in the passing of a kidney stone?
Fluids
Analgesics
Alpha-blocker (tamsulosin)
Person has step-wise dementia and cerebral symptoms. What is going on?
Vascular dementia
What can make it so potassium won’t replenish despite supplementation?
Hypomagnesemia
A person is found after traveling and doesn’t know who they are, where they are, or what they are doing. What is going on?
Dissociative fugue
Person has chronic fatty stools…later has bleeding issues. What is going on?
Vitamin K deficiency –> II, VII, IX, X, C, and S defciency
Malnutrition + angular cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis, normocytic anemia, and seborrheic keratitis. What is deficient?
B2…riboflavin
How is dermatitis herpetiformis treated?
Dapsone
Patient has GBS based off of clinical presentation. What should be done next?
PFTs
What can maternal hyperglycemia in the first trimester cause?
Congenital heart defects
Neural tube defects
Small left colon syndrome
Spontaneous abortion
What can maternal hyperglycemia in the 2nd/3rd trimester cause?
Increased metabolic demand –> hypoxia
Organomegaly
Macrosomia
Neonatal hypoglycemia
A patient is going to be intubated. What should be checked BEFORE giving succinylcholine?
Potassium…hyperkalemia contraindicates succinylcholine use
How is sinus bradycardia treated?
Atropine
Postpartum woman has fever, uterine tenderness, foul-smelling lochia (vaginal discharge after birth), and leukocytosis. Labor was complicated by use of forceps. What is likely going on?
Endometritis…polymicrobial infection treated with clindamycin and gentamicin (aminoglycoside)
A croup patient is not doing well…so you think intubation might be in order. What should be tried first?
Racemic epinephrine
How often should UC patients have a colonoscopy?
Every year
Patient has recurrent dark urine with RUQ pain. Labs show increased bilirubin, decreased Hgb, and decreased haptoglbin. US shows hepatic vein thrombosis. What is going on?
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
How is long-QT treated?
Beta-blocker and a pacemaker
What is diagnostic of neonatal polycythemia?
Hct > 65%
Causes respiratory distress
Severe dizziness + cannot walk + stabbing pain on right side of face + can’t sit w/o restraints + constricted, nonreactive right pupil + horizontal and rotational nystagmus + diminished gag reflex + diminished pain and sensation to right face and left trunk/limbs. What is going on?
Wallenberg syndrome…lateral medulla infarct…diagnosed via MRI
