Poisons and antidotes

Question 1

Acetaminophen. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 1

Nausea, hepatic insufficiency

N-acetylcysteine

Question 2

Anticholinergics. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 2

Dry mouth, urinary retention, QRS widening

Physostigmine

Question 3

Benzodiazepines. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 3

Sedation, respiratory depression

Flumazenil

Question 4

Beta-blockers. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 4

Bradycardia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, pulmonary edema

Glucagon, calcium, insulin, and dextrose

Question 5

CCBs. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 5

Bradycardia, hypotension

Glucagon, calcium, insulin, and dextrose

Question 6

Cocaine. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 6

Tachycardia, agitation

Supportive cares

Question 7

Cyanide. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 7

Headache, nausea, vomiting, AMS

Nitrites (forms methemoglobin…CN will bind to this instead of cytochrome oxidase)
Hyroxocobalamin (CN will bind to this)

Question 8

Digoxin. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 8

Nausea, vomiting, vision changes, arrhythmias

Digoxin antibodies

Question 9

Heparin. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 9

Excessive bleeding, easy bruising

Protamine sulfate

Question 10

Isoniazid. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 10

Neuropathy, nephropathy

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Question 11

Isopropyl alcohol. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 11

AMS, nausea, abdominal pain

Supportive cares

Question 12

Methanol. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 12

Headache, visual changes, dizziness

Ethanol, fomepizole, dialysis

Question 13

Opioids. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 13

Pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress

Naloxone

Question 14

Salicylates. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 14

Nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, hyperventilation, anion gap, metabolic acidosis

Charcoal, dialysis, sodium bicarb

Question 15

Sulfonyureas. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 15

Hypoglycemia

Octreotide and dextrose

Question 16

TCA. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 16

Tachycardia, dry mouth, urinary retention, widened QRS

Sodium bicarb, diazepam

Question 17

Warfarin. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 17

Excessive bleeding, easy bruising

Vitamin K, FFP

Question 18

Caustics (acids/alkali).. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 18

severe oropharyngeal and gastric irritation or burns, drooling, odynophagia, abdominal pain gastric perforation symptoms

Copious irrigation (do NOT induce emesis or attempt neutralization)
Activated charcoal

Question 19

Ethylene glycol. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 19

Ataxia, hallucinations, seizures, sweet breath

Ethanol, fomepizole, dialysis

Question 20

Organophosphates. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 20

DUMBBELSS

D-Diarrhea
U-Urination
M-Miosis
B-Bradycardia
B-Bronchospasm
E-Excitation of skeletal muscles
L-Lacrimation
S-Sweating
S-Salivation

Atropine, pralidoxime, supportive cares…remember to remove contaminated clothing

Question 21

Iron. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 21

Nausea, constipation, hepatotoxicity

Deferoxamine

Question 22

Lead. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 22

Peripheral neuropathy, anemia

EDA, dimercaprol

Question 23

Mercury. S/S? Treatment?

Answer 23

Renal insufficiency, tremor, AMS

Dimercaprol