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Step 2 > QBankin' on doing well? Get after it! (mostly GI/GU/Hep) > Flashcards

QBankin' on doing well? Get after it! (mostly GI/GU/Hep) Flashcards

1
Q

How does ACEI help prevent diabetic nephropathy?

A

Reduces glomerular hypertension…first step in the process is glomerular hyperfiltration which leads to glomerular hypertension

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2
Q

When should a kid get a renal/bladder ultrasound?

A

If a child less than two has a febrile UTI
Recurrent UTIs
UTI in child of any age with FHx of renal or urologic disease, HTN, or poor growth

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3
Q

What can happen after giving erythropoietin?

A

10mmHg BP jump

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4
Q

A kid presents with s/s of liver failure. What should be looked for?

A

History of aspirin use…Reye syndrome

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5
Q

A pregnant woman comes in with intense pruritus and is found to have elevated bile acids and transaminases. What does she have?

A

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

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6
Q

A pregnant woman comes in with RUQ pain, malaise, N/V, and signs of liver failure. What is the expected cause? What would be seen on labs?

A

Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy

Hypoglycemia
Mildly elevated liver enzymes
Elevated Bili
Possibly DIC

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7
Q

A patient becomes jaundice with no other symptoms. A liver biopsy shows black pigmentation. What is the likely disease?

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

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8
Q

A lymphoma patient develops a nephrotic condition. What is it? What would it be if the patient had a solid tumor instead of lymphoma?

A

Lymphoma –> Minimal Change Disease

Solid Tumor –> Membranous Glomerulonephropathy

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9
Q

A decreased quantity of ducts is called ‘ductopenia’. What disease causes ductopenia?

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

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10
Q

A mom has active HBV while she is delivering a baby. What should the baby be given?

A

Baby should get both passive (HBIG) and active immunization (recombinant HBV vaccine)

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11
Q

An African patient comes in because he has had a couple episodes of frank hematuria. A UA shows normal looking RBCs. What is the likely cause?

A

Renal papillary necrosis secondary to sickle cell trait

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12
Q

What can be given to prevent contrast induced nephropathy?

A

IV fluids

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13
Q

An older patient comes in with abdominal pain. However, the abdominal exam is completely negative except for overly sensitive skin. What is the diagnosis?

A

Shingles…symptoms can present before the rash

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14
Q

A CHF patient comes in with GI symptoms, CNS symptoms (including color vision alterations), and an arrhythmia. What happened?

A

Digoxin toxicity

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15
Q

What is given to patients with an expected variceal bleed?

A

IV flids
IV octreotide
Abx

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16
Q

What is the pathology to hepatorenal syndrome?

A

Portal hypertension → ↑NO in splanchnic circulation → ↓TPR → ↓BP → renal hypoperfusion → ↑Renin → ↑aldosterone → ↑H2O and Na+ retention → FENa less than 1% (less than 10mEq/L)

17
Q

Patient has GI symptoms…blah blah blah…PAS-positive material in lamina propria of small intestine. What is it?

A

Whipple’s disease

18
Q

A patient presents with GI issues with a history of scleroderma and DM. Labs show signs of malabsorption (megaloblastic anemia). What could be going on? What are other risk factors?

A

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Other risk factors are ESRD, AIDS, cirrhosis, old age, anatomic anomalies

19
Q

A patient complains of chest pain with swallowing, but doesn’t feel like the food/drink is getting stuck. What does he likely have? What meds can cause it?

A

Esophagitis

Tetracyclines
Aspirin, many NSAIDs
Alendronate
KCl
Quinidine
Iron
20
Q

What iatrogenic things can increase likelihood of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis?

A

Drugs: corticosteroids, amiodarone, diltiazem, tamoxifen, HAART
Total Parenteral Nutrition

21
Q

A patient has chronic HBV. What should be followed?

A

ALT and HBeAg every 3-6 months

22
Q

What is the big difference between ‘Breastfeeding failure jaundice’ and ‘Breast milk jaundice’?

A

Breastfeeding failure causes dehydration

23
Q

What needs to be done with a simple renal cyst?

A

Nothing

24
Q

What is one possible complication of untreated hemochromatosis?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

25
Q

A 2nd trimester US shows a sac of bowel outside of the body. What is this?

A

Gastroschisis

26
Q

A midline abdominal wall defect is covered in peritoneum. What is it?

A

Omphalocele

27
Q

What drug is used to treat HBV?

A

Tenofovir

28
Q

A patient clinically has celiacs. The biopsy looks like celiacs. But IgA testing is negative. What is likely going on?

A

Likely has IgA deficiency…check total IgA or get IgG studies

29
Q

What kind of cancer do oral contraceptives put women at increased risk of developing? What is seen on biopsy?

A

Hepatic adenoma

Glycogen and lipids

30
Q

Who is at increased risk of developing toxic megacolon? What should be done to diagnosis toxic megacolon?

A

Often IBD patients w/in 3 yrs of diagnosis

Get a plain film

31
Q

A patient has normocytic normochromic anemia, fatigue, and back/chest pain. What should be checked?

A

This could be multiple myeloma

Urine for Bence Jones proteins (paraproteins)
Electrophoresis for monoclonal protein peak

32
Q

A patient goes into shock and the next day has transaminase levels through the roof. What should be done?

A

Nothing…Shock liver (ischemic hepatopathy) will self resolve

33
Q

What can be given to help with uric acid stones?

A

Potassium citrate…alkalinizes urine

34
Q

What is the fancy name for Wilson disease?

A

Hepatolenticular degeneration

35
Q

A patient has a nephrotic syndrome. Biopsy shows C3, but no immunoglobulins. What is going on?

A

Membranoproliferative GN type 2 (dense deposit disease)

IgG antibodies, called C3 nephritic factor, bind to and activate C3 convertase → persistent complement activation and kidney disease

36
Q

An old patient was recently started on amitriptyline for some reason or another, and now can’t pee. What is going on?

A

Amitriptyline induced urinary retention…stick a catheter in there

37
Q

How is meconium ileus managed?

A

Contrast enema to diagnose
Hyperosmolar enema (gastrogafin) to treat
Surgery if that fails

Step 2 (39 decks)

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