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Getting closer... Flashcards

1
Q

What is a common side effect of electroconvulsive therapy?

A

Amnesia (retrograde lasts longer than anterograde)

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2
Q

What is another name for Osgood-Schlatters Disease?

A

Traction apophysitis

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3
Q

What is the name of the disease that phagocytes cannot kill bacteria?

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

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4
Q

What is a cause of SCID?

A

Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency (auto recessive)

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5
Q

Funduscopic exam shows cupping of the optic disc. What is this?

A

Open-angle glaucoma

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6
Q

Are antibiotics required for all spontaneous abortions?

A

No…prophylactic for D&E and for septic abortion

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7
Q

What are the dietary recommendations for patients with multiple kidney stone episodes?

A

Low protein and oxalate
Low sodium
High fluids
High calcium

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8
Q

What should be checked when the initial diagnosis of HTN is made?

A

UA for occult hematuria and urine protein/creatinine ratio
CMP
Lipids
Baseline ECG

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9
Q

An infection in which neck space is most likely to spread to the mediastinum?

A

Retropharyngeal

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10
Q

What is the best initial therapy for febrile neutropenia?

A

Anti-pseudomonal beta-lactam agent (cefepime, meropenem, or piperacillin-tazobactam)

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11
Q

Kid has dextrocardia, recurrent sinusitis, and recurrent bronchiectasis. What is this? What can happen with males with this syndrome?

A

Kartagener Syndrome

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12
Q

An adult has persistent, high-spiking fevers, joint pain, and a salmon-colored rash. What should be considered?

A

Adult onset Still’s Disease

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13
Q

What is seen with type I glycogen storage disease (Glucose-6 phosphate deficiency…Von-Gierkes’)?

A

Hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia

Doll face, thin arms, short stature, protuberant belly (hepatomegaly and enlarged kidneys)

No splenomegaly and normal heart

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14
Q

What is seen with type III glycogen storage disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)?

A

Hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, elevated transaminases, fasting ketosis, and normal lactate and uric acid concentrations

Hepatomegaly, short stature, normal kidneys

Splenomegaly

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15
Q

A young kid (less than 3yo) has an abdominal mass that crosses midline and has systemic symptoms. What should be considered?

A

Neuroblastoma (third most common overall childhood cancer behind leukemia and brain tumors…most common in less than 1yo)

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16
Q

What does a SAAG >1.1 mean? Less than 1.1?

A

Greater = ascites is due to portal hypertension

Lesser = something other than portal hypertension

17
Q

What can cause hypocalcemia after a transfusion?

A

Excess citrate –> calcium chelation

18
Q

An Asian has a hypopigmented area that lacks sensation + muscle atrophy in muscles proximal to this area. What should be considered? What should be done?

A

Leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae)

Skin biopsy…look for acid-fast bacilli

19
Q

Patient comes back from a cruise with respiratory and GI symptoms (and possibly neurological symptoms). What should be considered? How can it be diagnosed? What should be given?

A

Legionella

Urine antigen test

Fluoroquinolone or macrolide

20
Q

Patient has a flat upper and lower flow/volume curve. What is going on?

A

Fixed upper-airway obstruction

21
Q

A patient has endocarditis, and cultures grow strep gallolyticus. What should be checked?

A

Colonoscopy…increased risk of CRC

22
Q

A patient with prolonged hypotension has bad renal panel. What is likely going on? What can be seen on microscopy?

A

ATN

Muddy brown casts

23
Q

Which optical tumor is associated with NF1?

A

Optic glioma

24
Q

Kid has many episodes of lymphadenopathy…sometimes diagnosed with aspergillosis, serratia marcescens, and/or Burkholderia cepacia. What should be expected? How can it be diagnosed?

A

Chronic granulomatous disease (resistant to coagulase + organisms)…prevent with daily TMP-SMX and gamma interferon 3x per week

Nitroblue tetrazolium

25
Q

An older woman has an erythematous rash, violaceous periorbital edema, and proximal extensor muscle weakness. What does she have? What is she at increased risk of?

A

Dermatomyositis

Internal malignancy

26
Q

How is diabetic neuropathy treated?

A

TCA

27
Q

A person has a single episode of depression. How long should treatment last?

A

6months after patient’s response

28
Q

How does CMV retinitis present?

A

Retinal opacification and hemorrhages

29
Q

What causes non-pitting edema with Turner syndrome?

A

Dysgenesis of lymphatic network

30
Q

What causes irregular menses in girls in first year or so after menarche?

A

Insufficient gonadotropin secretion

31
Q

A 2-5 day old newborn gets conjunctivitis with eyelid swelling and purulent discharge. What is the likely cause? How should it be treated? What could have been done to prevent it?

A

Gonococcal conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum)

IV or IM ceftriaxone or cefotaxime

Erythromycin ointment shortly after birth

32
Q

A 5-14 day old new born gets conjunctivitis with eyelid swelling and water or mucopurulent discharge (+/- blood). What is the likely cause and what else can it cause in the newborn? How should it be treated? How could it have been prevented?

A

Chlamydial conjunctivitis…pneumonia at 4-12 weeks old

Oral erythromycin…worry about hypertrophic pylorus

Screening and treating mom (1st trimester and 3rd in high risk)

33
Q

What is interstitial cystitis?

A

Think fibromyalgia of the bladder…

34
Q

A female transplant patient has facial hair, tremors, swollen gums, and bad renal panel. What med is likely causing this? What else can this drug cause?

A

Cyclosporine

Malignancy…squamous cell carcinoma and lymphoproliferative diseases

35
Q

A patient has a medication or drug overdose and has symptoms of being drunk…but isn’t. What is the likely toxicity?

A

Benzodiazepine

36
Q

How does lithium toxicity present?

A

Tremor, hyperreflexia, ataxia, and seizures

37
Q

When should tetanus Ig be given in addition to the vaccine? When should the vaccine be given alone?

A

Dirty or severe wounds in people who are un/under-immunized or have an unknown immunization record

Clean or minor wounds when last immunization was more than 10yrs ago or if immunizations unknown; OR
Dirty or severe wounds when last immunization was more than 5yrs ago

Step 2 (39 decks)

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