Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 2 > Endo (Step up son) > Flashcards

Endo (Step up son) Flashcards

1
Q

What illness have been associated with the onset of type I diabetes?

A

Rubella
Coxsackie
Mumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is it possible for someone to become hypoglycemic after eating?

A

Yes…reactive hypoglycemia can happen postsurgery or can be idiopathic

Eat more carbs and more, smaller meals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A person is fucking hammered and has hypoglycemia. Why?

A

Alcohol inhibition of gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When would total T4 be elevated, but free T4 be normal? When would total T4 be low, but free T4 be normal?

A

Increased TBG levels…pregnancy, oral contraceptives, etc

Decreased TBG levels…nephrotic syndrome and androgen use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TRH secretion is stimulated by stress. What can happen if a person with hyperthyroidism gets stressed?

A

Thyroid storm…severe diaphoresis, vomiting, diarrhea, tachycardia, fever, and mental status changes*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What medications can be used to treat thyroid storm?

A 
Beta-blockers
Thionamides
IV sodium iodine (inhibits thyroid hormone release)
Hydrocortisone (inhibits T4 --> T3)
Surgery if necessary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A new mom comes in concerned about a swelling on her neck. It’s painless. Scan shows low uptake and a biopsy shows inflammation. What should be done?

A

Beta-blockers if having symptoms…should self resolve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is found with Graves’ disease?

A

TSI antibodies

Most common cause of hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is found with Hashimoto thyroiditis?

A

Anti-TPO

Most common cause of hypothryoidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A male aged 20-60 has a “cold”, solid thyroid nodule. Benign or malignant?

A

Increased risk of malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A medicated bipolar patient becomes hypothyroid. What is one possible reason?

A

Chronic lithium use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Patient comes in concerned about a lump on her neck. FNA shows cleared out cells and psammoma bodies. What is it? What is the prognosis?

A

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (Orphan Annie tumor)

Good prognosis…follicular variant has slightly worse prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A patient presents Chvostek and Trousseau signs…a nodule is seen on thyroid US. What is most likely?

A

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (parafollicular C cells –> calcitonin)

Seen with MENIIa and MENIIb

Worse in older patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A patient noticed a neck lump not too long ago and now they sound hoarse. What is a concern?

A

Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma…very aggressive…poor prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Patient has hypocalcemia, but normal/high PTH. What could be going on?

A

Albright hereditary osteodystrophy…bone doesn’t respond to PTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What drugs block dopamine synthesis? Why does it matter for endo?

A

Phenothiazines (anti-psychotic), risperidone, haloperidol, methyldopa, verapamil

Can cause prolactinoma

17
Q

What is treatment for a prolactinoma?

A 
Dopamine agonist (cabergoline, bromocriptine, pergolide)
Surgery/radiation in refractory cases
18
Q

How is acromegaly treated?

A

Dopamine agonist
Octreotide
Surgery

19
Q

What is the first pituitary hormone to be decreased with hypopituitarism?

A

GH, then FSH/LH, then TSH, then prolactin, then ACTH/MSH

20
Q

A patient comes in with a buffalo hump and moon facies with a broken hip. What caused the broken hip?

A

Avascular necrosis due to cushing syndrome

21
Q

What causes excess aldosteronism?

A

Unilateral adrenal adenoma (Conn syndrome)

Increased renin-angiotensin activity d/t perceived low BP

22
Q

An 18yo girl comes in concerned about not having menarche yet. She is hypertensive and labs show low K+ and high Na+. What is likely diagnosis?

A

17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency

causes ambiguous genitals in males

23
Q

A 10yo boy comes in and he looks like he is 20yo and is found to be hypotensive with low Na+ and high K+. What is likely going on? What can be used for treatment?

A

21-alpha-hydroxylase (most common congenital adrenal hyperplasia)

causes ambiguous genitals in females

Fludrocortisone

24
Q

A 10yo boy comes in and he looks like he is 20yo and is found to be hypertensive. What does he have? What special lab should be ordered?

A

11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency

Order deoxycorticosterone level…it’ll be high (it’s causing the HTN)

25
Q

Why are the adrenals enlarged with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?

A

Decreased cortisol –> increased ACTH –> over stimulated adrenals

26
Q

A baby has prolonged jaundice and large fontanelles. What is a concern? What should be checked?

A

Cretinism…caused by iodide deficiency or hereditary disorder of thyroid hormone synthesis

Check thyroid studies…can result in physical and mental retardation

Step 2 (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions