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Neuro > Things I forget easily > Flashcards

Things I forget easily Flashcards

1
Q

syringomyelia interrupts what tract? what effect does this have?

A

spinothalamic track - bilateral loss of pain and temperature in upper extremities although fine touch is preserved - “cape like distribution” (C8-T1)

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2
Q

sensation on anterior 2/3 of tongue is done by which CN?

A

5 (trigeminal) - V3

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3
Q

taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue is done by which CN

A

7 (facial)

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4
Q

taste/sensation on posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

9 (glossopharyngeal)

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5
Q

if you lose sterognosis and graphesthesia, you have impaired which tract?

A

dorsal columns/medial lemniscus

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6
Q

Where is the inflammatory infiltrate in Guillian Barre?

A

endoneurium (surrounds a single nerve fiber)

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7
Q

neurotransmitter change in: anxiety

A

increased NE, decreased serotonin, decreased GABA

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8
Q

neurotransmitter change in: depression

A

decreased NE, decreased serotonin, decreased dopamine

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9
Q

neurotransmitter change in: parkinsons

A

decreased dopamine, increased Ach

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10
Q

neurotransmitter change in: huntingtons

A

decreased GABA, decreased Ach

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11
Q

location of synthesis: NE

A

locus ceruleus (pons)

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12
Q

location of synthesis: dopamine

A

ventral tegmentum and SNc

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13
Q

location of synthesis: serotonin

A

raphe nucleus (pons)

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14
Q

location of synthesis: Ach

A

basal nucleus of Meynert

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15
Q

location of synthesis: Gaba

A

nucleus accumbens

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16
Q

three things that seal BBB

A

1) tight junctions in nonfenestrated capillaries
2) basement membrane
3) astrocyte foot processes

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17
Q

types of molecules that can cross BBB easily

A

nonpolar/lipid soluble

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18
Q

specialized brain region where molecules in blood can affect brain function

A

area postrema (vomiting center) - regions with fenestrated capillaries

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19
Q

steps from ischemia to liquefactive necrosis

A 
12-48 hours: red neurons
24-72 hours: necrosis + neutrophils
3-5 days: macrophages
1-2 weeks: gliosis + vascular proliferation
>2 weeks: glial scar
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20
Q

during what week do neural tube defects occur

A

4th

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21
Q

spina bifida occulta has what lab abnormality

A

none - AFP is not elevated

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22
Q

neural tube defects have what lab abnormalities

A

AFP and AchE are both elevated in amniotic fluid and maternal serum

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23
Q

anencephaly is the absence of what

A

forebrain (prosencephalon)

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24
Q

anencephaly is associated with what maternal condition

A

type 1 diabetes

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25
Q

holoprosencephaly occurs during what weeks

A

5-6

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26
Q

what genes may be implicated in holoprosencephaly?

A

sonic hedgehog

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27
Q

holoprosencephaly is associated with what disorders

A

fetal alcohol syndrome and patau

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28
Q

chairi II presents with what other malformation

A

lumbosacral meningomyelocele (paralysis below the malformation)

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29
Q

syringomyelia is most common at what nerve levels

A

C8-T1

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30
Q

what nerve innervates hypoglossus muscle and what does it do

A

cn XII - depresses and retracts tongue

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31
Q

what nerve innervates styloglossus muscle and what does it do

A

cn XII - creates trough (sides upwards = taco)

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32
Q

what innervates genioglossus and what does it do

A

cn XII - protrudes tongue

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33
Q

what innervates palatoglossus and what does it do

A

cn X - elevates tongue to allow for swallowing

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34
Q

what part of the neuron can be stained with Nissle stain

A

dendrite and cell body (not axon)

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35
Q

what is the astrocyte marker histologically

A

GFAP

36
Q

what do oligodendroglia resemble on histology

A

fried egg appearance

37
Q

whats the predominant typeof glial cell in white matter

A

oligodendroglia

38
Q

what must you rejoin in microsurgery for limb reattachment? what part of nerves?

A

perineurium

39
Q

what part of nerve is the permeability barrier?

A

perineureus

40
Q

how does NE affect rem

A

decreases REM

41
Q

REM is due to the activity of what

A

PPRF (paramedian pontine reticular formation)

42
Q

alcohol affects REM how

A

decreases REM

43
Q

barbiturates affects rEM how

A

decreases rEM

44
Q

Rx bedwetting

A

oral desmopressin (ADH analog)

45
Q

hungtintons gene is on what chromosome

A

4

46
Q

atrophy of what in huntington

A

caudate nucleus

47
Q

trinucleotide repeat in huntington

A

CAG

48
Q

neurotransmitter changes in huntingtons

A

decreased Ach and GABA

increased Dopamine

49
Q

broca location

A

inferior frontal gyrus of frontal lobe

50
Q

does broca have impaired or intact comprehension?

A

intact

51
Q

does wernicke have impaired or intact comprehension?

A

impaired

52
Q

damage to arcuate fasiculus causes impaired what?

A

repetition

53
Q

global aphasia affects what part of your brain?

A

wernicke broca and arcuate fasiculus

54
Q

what is global aphasia like

A

nonfluent and poor comprehension (mix of wernicke and broca)

55
Q

poor comprehension with fluent speech and intact repetition

A

transcortical sensory

56
Q

nonfluent aphasia with good comprehension and intact repitition

A

transcortical motor

57
Q

nonfluent speech, poor comprehension, and intact reptition

A

mixed transcortical

58
Q

kluver bucy is associated with what?

A

HSV-1

59
Q

where does CN1 exit

A

cribriform plate

60
Q

what nerves exit through the middle cranial fossa?

A

2-6

61
Q

Where does CN 2 exit

A

optic canal

62
Q

where does CN 3 exit

A

SOF

63
Q

where does CN IV exit

A

SOF

64
Q

where does CN V1 exit

A

SOF

65
Q

Where does CN V2 exit

A

foramen rotundum

66
Q

where does CN V3 exit

A

foramen ovale

67
Q

where does CN VI exit

A

SOF

68
Q

What exits through the foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal artery

69
Q

What bone do CN 2-6 exit through

A

sphenoid

70
Q

What exits through the optic canal

A

CN II, Central retinal vein, opthalmic artery

71
Q

What exits through SOF

A

CN III, IV, V1, VI, opthalmic vein, sympathetic fibers

72
Q

What exits through foramen rotundum

A

V2

73
Q

what exits through faramen ovale

A

V3

74
Q

where does middle meningeal artery exit

A

foramen spinosum

75
Q

what bones do cn 7-12 exit through

A

occipital and temporal

76
Q

where does CN VII exit

A

internal auditory meatus

77
Q

where does CN VIII exit

A

internal auditory meatus

78
Q

where does CN IX exit

A

jugular foramen

79
Q

where does CN X exit

A

jugular foramen

80
Q

where does CN XI exit

A

jugular foramen

81
Q

where does CN XII exit

A

hypoglossal canal

82
Q

what exits through the internal auditory meatus

A

CN VII and CN VIII

83
Q

what exits through jugular foramen

A

CN IX X XI, jugular vein

84
Q

what exits through hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII

85
Q

what exits through foramen magnum

A

brainstem, spinal roots of CN XI, vertebral arteries

86
Q

CPP equation

A

CPP = MAP - ICP

87
Q

central post stroke pain syndrome is due to lesions in what part of brain

A

thalamic lesions

Neuro (12 decks)

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