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Neuro > patient presentations > Flashcards

patient presentations Flashcards

1
Q

newborn has frog-like appearance, mother had increased alpha-FP, polyhydramnios

A

anencephaly

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2
Q

newborn determined to have a dimple/tuft of hair on skin in lumbosacral area

A

spina bifida occulta –> occurs due to failure of closure of posterior vertebral arch

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3
Q

newborn is determined to have cystic mass containing meninges in lumbosacral area

A

meningocele

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4
Q

newborn is determined to have cystic mass containing meninges and spinal cord tissue in it

A

meningomyelocele

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5
Q

caudal extension of medulla and cerebellar vermis through foramen magnum

A

arnold-chiari malformation

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6
Q

newborn is noted to have platybasia, meningomyelocele, syringomyelia, and noncommunicating hydrocephalus

A

arnold-chiari malformation

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7
Q

treatment of arnold chiari malformation

A

decompression surgery

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8
Q

partial or complete absence of cerebellar vermis

A

dandy-walker malformation

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9
Q

cystic dilatation of 4th ventricle, noncommunicating hydrocephalus

A

dandy-walker formation

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10
Q

treatment for dandy walker

A

shunt to treat hydrocephalus

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11
Q

30-40 year old person presents to ED with a loss of pain/temperature sensation in the hands although tactile sensation was preserved as well as atrophy of intrinsic muscles in hand

A

Syringomyelia

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12
Q

patient is noted to have fluid-filled cavity in the cervical spinal cord, expanding to disrupt the anterior horns of the spinal cord

A

syringomyelia

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13
Q

MRI shows cystic cavity in cervical spinal cord as well as cervical spine enlargement

A

syringomyelia

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14
Q

meningitis with CSF culture that is positive with hippurate test

A

group B strep

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15
Q

meningitis with CSF culture that is bacitracin resistant

A

group B strep

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16
Q

meningitis with CSF culture that has K capsule

A

e coli

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17
Q

meningitis with CSF culture that is beta-hemolytic

A

listeria monocytogenes

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18
Q

meningitis with CSF culture that appears to have lancet-shaped organism

A

s. pneumoniae

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19
Q

meningitis with CSF culture that appears to have IgA protease and is gram negative diplococci

A

neisseria meningitidis

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20
Q

meningitis with CSF culture that has maltose and glucose fermentation

A

neisseria meningitids

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21
Q

meningitis with CSF culture that appears to have gram negative coccobaccilus organisms

A

h. influenzae type B

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22
Q

meningitis with CSF culture that ferments lactose and is a gram negative rod

A

e. coli

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23
Q

meningitis with CSF culture that has an organism that usually colonizes the vagina

A

group B strep

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24
Q

meningitis with CSF culture that has facultative intracellular microbe

A

listeria monocytogenes

25
Q

meningitis with CSF culture that shows gram + cocci

A

group B strep

26
Q

meningitis with CSF culture that with rocket tails

A

listeria monocytogenes

27
Q

meningitis with CSF culture that appears to have gram positive rods

A

listeria monocytogenes

28
Q

meningitis with CSF culture that appears to have gram positive diplococci

A

strep pneumoniae

29
Q

severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and eventual coma

A

intracerebral hemorrhage, most commonly due to rupture of charcot-bouchard microorganism, secondary to chronic hypertension at basal ganglia

30
Q

“worst headache of my life”

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

31
Q

xanthochromia upon CSF

A

yellow hue due to breakdown of bilirubin - subarachnoid hemorrhage

32
Q

lens shape lesion upon CT

A

epidural hematoma

33
Q

pt is in hospital after fracture to temporal lobe. what is ddx?

A

epidural hematoma

34
Q

crescent shaped lesion upon cT

A

subdural hematoma

35
Q

demyelinating plaques found in spinal cord and brain

A

MS

36
Q

patient is found to have HLA-DR2, putting them at higher risk for this disease

A

MS

37
Q

Patient had CMV a few weeks ago, now is developing parasthesias, loss of pain/temp sensation, and has babinski reflex, scanning speech, and blurry vision/sudden loss of vision

A

MS

38
Q

child has progressive neurological problems and was known to have measles as an infant

A

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

39
Q

viral inclusions within neurons (gray matter) and oligodentdrocytes (white matter)

A

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

40
Q

patient is found to have large multinucleated histiocyte cells

A

krabbe

41
Q

patient is found to have deficiency of galactocerebrosidase

A

krabbe disease

42
Q

patient is found to have an x-linked leukodystrophy

A

adrenoleukodystrophy

43
Q

patient is found to have accumulation of fatty acid in white matter of brain and adrenals

A

adrenoleukodystrophy

44
Q

patient is found to have impaired addition of CoA to long chain fatty acids in peroxisome

A

adrenoleukodystrophy

45
Q

patient is found to have deficiency of arylsulfatase

A

metachromatic leukodystrophy

46
Q

patient cannot break down myelin and is found to have increased sulfatides

A

metachromatic leukodystrophy

47
Q

patient has JC virus recurrence due to immunosupression because of AIDS and has progressive neurological problems

A

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

48
Q

alcoholic patient comes in, given IV and promptly has locked in syndrome

A

central pontine myelinolysis

49
Q

patient comes in with internuclear opthalmoplegia

A

MS

50
Q

symmetric ascending weakness beginning in the lower extremities, recently had CMV

A

guillian barre

51
Q

scanning speech, intention tremor, nystagmus

A

MS

52
Q

confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

53
Q

incontinence, balance problems, and dementia

A

normal pressure hydrocephalus (communicating hydrocephalus)

54
Q

weakness, hypotonia, flaccid paralysis with headache, fever, and nausea

A

LMN lesions + signs of infection –> poliomyelitis

55
Q

infant with tongue fasiculations

A

infant with LMN lesion –> Werdnig Hoffman

56
Q

genetic test shows GAA repeats

A

freidrichs ataxia

57
Q

child presents with staggering gait, frequent falling, loss of vibratory sense and proprioception, muscle weakness in lower extremities, and loss of DTR

A

freirich ataxia

58
Q

ptosis, anhidrosis, and miosis of face

A

horner’s syndrome

Neuro (12 decks)

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