Things I can never remember Flashcards
1
Q
How are children 5-16 with asthma managed?
A
- SBA
- ICS (low)
- LTRA
- LABA (- LTRA)
- MART (- LABA, ICS)
- MART (moderate ICS)
- theophilline/ high ICS/ refer
MART = maintenance and reliever therapy (fast LABA + ICS)
- theophilline/ high ICS/ refer
2
Q
How are children under 5 treated for asthma?
A
- SABA
- SABA + 8 week ICS trial
- SABA + ICS (low) + LTRA
- Refer
3
Q
How should a child be managed with asthma after an 8 week ICS trial (3)?
A
- No response –> alternative diagnosis?
- Sx within 4 weeks after trial end–> restart ICS as paediatric low dose
- Sx after 4 weeks after trial end–> redo trial for 8 weeks
4
Q
What are the criteria for mild, moderate and severe asthma attacks (3)?
A
- Mild = SpO2 > 92; PEF > 50%
- Severe = SpO2 < 92; PEF 33-50; can’t talk; HR > 125 (140 if under 2); RR > 30 (40 if under 2); assessors neck muscles
- Life threatening = PEF < 33; silent chest; poor resp effort; altered consciousness; cyanosis; SpO2 < 92??, pCO2 = normal
5
Q
How should an acute asthma exacerbation be treated (3)?
A
- SABA (up to 10 puffs)/ nebulised SABA (if in hospital)
- Nebulised ipratropium bromide +/- MgSO4
- IV aminophylline
6
Q
What are the key features of downs?
A
- Single palmar crease
- Low set ears
- Sandal gap (between big and first toe)
- Epicanthic folds
- Upslanting palpebral fissures
7
Q
What heart defects are associated with downs (3)?
A
- AVSD (endocardial cushion defect)
- VSD/ASD
- Tetralogy of fallot
8
Q
What are the features of Edwards (4)?
A
- Micrognathia
- Low set ears
- Rocker bottom feet
- Overlapping fingers
9
Q
What are the features of Pataus syndrome (4)?
A
- Microcephaly
- Rocker bottom
- Polydactyly
- Cleft lip/ pallate
10
Q
What are the features of fragile X (4)?
A
- Learning difficulties
- Macrocephaly
- Large ears
- Macro-orchidism (massssssive BALLLLLLS)
11
Q
What are the 3 features of Pierre robin sequence (3)?
A
- Cleft lip
- Posterior displacement of tongue
- Micrognathia
12
Q
A
