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Phase 3a conditions list flashcards > Paediatrics - general > Flashcards

Paediatrics - general Flashcards

1
Q

When are vaccinations given up to and including the first year of life (4)?

A
  • 8 weeks
  • 12 weeks
  • 16 weeks
  • 1 year
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2
Q

What vaccinations are given at 8 weeks (3)?

A
  • 6-in-1
  • Rotavirus (oral)
  • Men B
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3
Q

What vaccinations are given at 12 weeks (3)?

A
  • 6-in-1 (2nd dose)
  • Rotavirus (oral, 2nd dose)
  • Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV)
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4
Q

What vaccinations are given at 16 weeks (2)?

A
  • 6-in-1 (3rd dose)
  • Men B (2nd dose)
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5
Q

What vaccinations are given at 1 year (4)?

A
  • Hib/MenC
  • MMR
  • PCV (2nd dose)
  • Men B (3rd dose)
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6
Q

After age 2 when are vaccines given to children (4)?

A
  • One vaccine is given yearly until age 15
  • Age 3/4
  • Age 12/13
  • Age 14
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7
Q

What vaccine is given yearly from age 2 until age 15?

A

Influenza vaccine

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8
Q

What vaccines are given at 3/4 years (2)?

A
  • 4-in-1
  • MMR
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9
Q

What vaccine is given at age 12/13?

A

HPV

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10
Q

What vaccines are given at age 14 (2)?

A
  • 3-in-1
  • Men ACWY
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11
Q

What vaccines are included in the 6-in-1 vaccine?

A
  • Diphtheria
  • Tetanus
  • Pertussis (whooping cough)
  • Hib (haemophilus influenza B)
  • Hep B
  • Polio (IPV - inactivated polio vaccine)
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12
Q

What vaccines are included in the 4-in-1?

A
  • DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis)
  • Polio (IPV)
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13
Q

What vaccines are included in the 3-in-1?

A
  • Tetanus
  • Diphtheria
  • Polio
    (Td/IPV)
    POLIO - not pertussis
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14
Q

Which vaccinations in the paediatric schedule are live (3)?

A
  • MMR
  • Rotavirus
  • Influenza
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15
Q

Which vaccines in the paediatric schedule are inactivated?

A

Most of 6-in-1

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16
Q

Which vaccines in the paediatric schedule are non infectious recombinant (3)?

A
  • MenB
  • PCV
  • HPV
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17
Q

When is the newborn blood spot test done?

A

Day 5 after birth

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18
Q
A
19
Q

What is tested for in the newborn blood spot test (4)?

A
  • CF
  • Sickle cell
  • Congenital hypothyroidism
  • Inherited metabolic disorders
    Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is also being trialed to be added
20
Q

What inherited metabolic disorders are tested for on the newborn blood spot test (6)?

A
  • Phenylketonuria = MC
  • MCADD
  • Maple syrup urine disease
  • Glutaric aciduria T1
  • Isovaleric acidaemia
  • Homocystinuria
21
Q

How should a child be treated who is choking (3)?

A
  1. Encourage coughing
  2. Back blows
  3. Abdominal or chest thrusts
22
Q

When should abdominal vs chest thrusts be done in a child?

A
  • Chest thrusts = under 1 year old
  • Abdominal thrusts = over 1 year old
23
Q

How should a baby that has just been delivered be resuscitated?

A
  • Warm + dry the baby
  • Place airway in neutral position
  • Assess breathing + HR (with stethoscope)
    If not breathing/ HR < 100 then…
  • 5 rescue breaths
    If HR < 60…
  • Start compressions 3:1 ratio (compression:breath) -
24
Q

How should a child be resuscitated?

A
  • Head tilt + chin lift
  • 5 rescue breaths
    Check pulse/ signs of life, if none…
  • Start CPR 15:2 (or 30:2 if alone)
25
Q

How should chest compressions be done in children?

A
  • < 1 year = 2 fingers, press down 4cm
  • > 1 year = 1 or 2 hands depending on size, press down 5 cm
26
Q

What is the makeup of most fluids given to paediatric patients?

A
  • 0.9% saline
  • 5% dextrose
    with/ or without added KCl
27
Q

How much KCl can be added per litre of fluid?

A

20-40 mol/l

28
Q

What is the makeup of most fluids given to neonates?

A

10% dextrose (with or without additives)

29
Q

What are the 3 main types of fluid given to children?

A
  • Maintenance
  • Shock/ resuscitation (haemodynamically compromised)
  • Dehydration (clinical dehydration signs)
30
Q

How is maintenance fluids calculated for children?

A

4-2-1 rule
* First 10 kg of body weight = 4 ml/kg/h
* Next 10kg body weight = 2 ml/kg/h
* Each kg over 20 kg = 1 ml/kg/h

31
Q

How is shock/ resuscitation fluids calculated in children?

A

10 ml/kg boluses initially
–> can give up to 40 ml/kg
dextrose not needed

32
Q

How is dehydration fluids calculated in children?

A

Well weight x % dehydration x 10 (essentially the weight of water needed to return the patient to their normal weight)
given over 24 hours

33
Q

How is % dehydration calculated?

A

(well weight - current weight) / (well weight) X 100
essentially the loss of weight due to water as a % of body weight

34
Q

What are the developmental motor milestones (5)?

A
  • 6 weeks = head prone
  • 6 months = sit (>9 months = limit)
  • 9 months = crawl
  • 12 months = walk (>18 months = limit)
  • 15 months = steady walk
35
Q

What are the developmental vision and fine motor milestones (4)?

A
  • 6 weeks = fix + follow with eyes (> 12 weeks = limit)
  • 4 months = reaches out for toys (> 6 months = limit)
  • 7 months = transfer between hands (>9 months = limit)
  • 10 months = mature pincer grip (>12 months = limit)
36
Q

What are the developmental hearing, speech and language milestones (7)?

A
  • From birth = startles to sound noise
  • 3-4 months = “coos”
  • 7 months = indiscriminate sounds
  • 10 months = discriminate mama dada
  • 12 months = 2-3 words other than mama dada
  • 18 months = understands “where is your nose”
  • 2 years = simple phrases
37
Q

What are the developmental social, emotional and developmental milestones (4)?

A
  • 6 weeks = smiles (>8 weeks = limit)
  • 6-8 months = food in mouth
  • 12 months = waves, play peek-a-boo
  • 2 years = toilet trained, plays with toys (symbolic play)
38
Q

When does a hand preference usually develop?

A

<12 months

39
Q

What could make a baby late to reach milestones + late to develop a hand preference?

A

Cerebral palsy

40
Q

When are premature babies expected to reach the milestones?

A

Corrected to gestational age - so later than term babies

41
Q

When are children/ babies typically examined through their life (5)?

A
  • NIPE < 72 hours
  • 6-8 weeks check
  • Health visitor reviews
  • Vaccinations
  • School nurse checks
42
Q

What are the typical resp rate values at <1w, 3m, 2y, 10y, >10y?

A
  • < 1w = 40-60
  • 1w - 3m = 30-50
  • 3m - 2y = 30-40
  • 2 - 10y = 14-24
  • > 10y = 12-20
43
Q

What are the typical heart rate values at <1y, 1-2y, 2-5y, >5y?

A
  • < 1y = 110-160
  • 1-2y = 95-140
  • 2-5y = 80-120
  • > 5y = 60-100
44
Q
A

Phase 3a conditions list flashcards (25 decks)

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