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Thigh Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

The musculature of the the thigh can be split into which three sections?

A

Anterior
Medial
Posterior

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2
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment thigh muscles?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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3
Q

As a general rule, the anterior muscles of the thigh act to…

A

Extend the leg at the knee joint

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4
Q

How many major muscles are there in the anterior thigh?

A

3

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5
Q

Name the three major muscles of the anterior thigh

A

Pectineus
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris

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6
Q

The end of which muscle passes into the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Iliopsoas

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7
Q

The iliopsoas consists of which two muscles? Why are they often considered to be one muscle?

A

Psoas major
Iliacus

Originate in different places but join to form a common tendon

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8
Q

Where does the psoas major originate?

Where does the iliacus originate?

A

Lumbar vertebrae

Iliac fossa of the pelvis

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9
Q

Where do both the psoas major and iliacus (iliopsoas) attach/insert?

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

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10
Q

What is the action of the iliopsoas?

A

Flexes the lower limb at the hip joint

Assists with lateral rotation at the hip

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11
Q

What nerve innervates the psoas major?

What nerve innervates the iliacus?

A

Anterior rami of L1-L3

Femoral nerve

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12
Q

How many muscles makes up the quadriceps femoris?

A

4

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13
Q

Name the 4 quadriceps femoris muscles

A

Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Medialis
Rectus femoris

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14
Q

The muscles of the quadriceps femoris all attach to the…

A

Patella via the patella tendon

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15
Q

The patella attaches to the tibia by the…

A

Patella ligament

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16
Q

What is the main function of the quadriceps femoris?

A

Extends the knee

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17
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the vastus lateralis?

A

Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera

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18
Q

What is the function of the vastus lateralis?

A

Extends knee joint

Stabilises the patella

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19
Q

Which nerve innervates all the quadriceps femoris muscles?

A

Femoral nerve

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20
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the vastus intermedius?

A

Anterior and lateral surfaces of the femoral shaft

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21
Q

What is the action of the vastus intermedius?

A

Extends the knee joint

Stabilises the patella

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22
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the vastus medialis?

A

Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the linea aspera

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23
Q

What is the action of the vastus medialis?

A

Extends the knee joint

Stabilises the patella

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24
Q

Where does the rectus femoris originate and attach?

A

Originates from the ilium

Attaches to the patella by the quadriceps femoris tendon

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25
Q

What is the action of the rectus femoris?

A

Extends the knee

Flexes the leg at the hip joint

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26
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body?

A

Sartorius

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27
Q

Is the sartorius positioned relatively deep or superficial compared to the other muscles in the leg?

A

Superficial

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28
Q

Where does the sartorius originate and attach?

A

Originates - anterior superior iliac spine

Attaches - superior, medial surface of the tibia

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29
Q

What is the action of the sartorius?

A

Hip - flexor, abductor and lateral rotator

Knee - flexor

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30
Q

Which nerve innervates the sartorius?

A

Femoral nerve

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31
Q

The anterior thigh muscles generally act as…

The medial thigh muscles generally act as…

The posterior thigh muscles generally act as…

A

Extenders of the knee

Hip abductors

Flexors of the knee

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32
Q

The pectineus forms the __________ of the femoral triangle

A

Base

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33
Q

Where does the pectineus originate and attach?

A

Originates - pectineal line on anterior surface of the pelvis

Attaches - pectineal line on the posterior side of the femur

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34
Q

What is the function of the pectineus?

A

Adducts and flexes at the hip joint

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35
Q

What nerve innervates the pectineus?

A

Femoral nerve

May receive branches form the obturator nerve

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36
Q

Which muscle can be used to test for femoral nerve palsy?

How is this test carried out?

A

Quadriceps femoris

Patient supine, asked to extend the knee against resistance - if damaged contraction of the quadriceps femoris will be absent

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37
Q

Which muscle of the quadriceps crosses both the knee and hip joints?

A

Rectus femoris

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38
Q

What is the innervation of the psoas major?

A

Anterior rami of L1-L3

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39
Q

The muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh are collectively known as the…

A

Hip adductors

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40
Q

How many medial thigh (hip adductor) muscles are there?

A

5

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41
Q

Name the 5 hip adductor (medial thigh muscles)

A 
Gracilis 
Obturator externus 
Adductor brevis 
Adductor longus 
Adductor magnus
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42
Q

All the medial thigh muscles are innervated by which nerve? Where does this nerve arise from?

A

Obturator nerve

Lumbar plexus

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43
Q

Arterial supply to the medial thigh is via which artery?

A

Obturator artery

44
Q

Which is the largest muscle of the medial thigh?

A

Adductor magnus

45
Q

Where does the adductor magnus lie in relation to the other medial thigh muscles?

A

Posterior to the others

46
Q

The adductor magnus can be divided functionally into which 2 parts?

A

Adductor part

Hamstring part

47
Q

Where does the adductor part of the adductor magnus originate and attach?

A

Originates - inferior rami of the pubis and rami of ischium

Attaches - linea aspera of the femur

48
Q

Where does the hamstring part of the adductor magnus originate and attach?

A

Originates - ischial tuberosity

Attaches - adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line of the femur

49
Q

What is the action of the adductor magnus?

A

Both parts of it adduct the thigh at the hip

50
Q

As well as both adducting the thigh, what unique function do the adductor portion and hamstring portion of the adductor magnus each have?

A

Adductor portion - flexes the thigh

Hamstring - extends the thigh

51
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor and hamstring portions of the adductor magnus?

A

Adductor portion - obturator nerve (L2-L4)

Hamstring prison - tibial nerve (L4-S3)

52
Q

The adductor longus partially covers which two muscles?

A

Adductor brevis and magnus

53
Q

The adductor longus forms the ________ border of the femoral triangle

A

Medial

54
Q

Where does the adductor longus originate and attach?

A

Originates - pubis

Attaches - to the linea aspera of the femur

55
Q

What is the action of the adductor longus?

A

Adduction and medial rotation of the thigh at the hip

56
Q

What roots contribute to the obturator nerve?

A

L2-L4

57
Q

The adductor brevis is a short muscle lying underneath which other muscle?

A

The adductor longus

58
Q

The adductor brevis lies between the anterior and posterior divisions of…

What is the clinical significance of this?

A

The obturator nerve

Can be used as an anatomical landmark to identify the aforementioned branches

59
Q

Where does the adductor brevis originate and attach?

A

Originates - body of pubis and inferior pubic rami

Attaches - linea aspera on the posterior surface of the femur

60
Q

What is the function of the adductor brevis?

A

Adduction of the thigh at the hip

61
Q

Where is the obturator externus muscle located in the medial thigh?

A

Most superiorly

62
Q

Where does the obturator externus muscle originate and attach?

A

Originates - membrane of the obturator foramen

Attaches - posterior aspect of the greater trochanter

63
Q

What is the action of the obturator externus?

A

Laterally rotates the thigh

64
Q

The gracilis is the most _______________ and _________ of the medial thigh muscles

A

Superficial

Medial

65
Q

Which joints does the gracilis cross?

A

Both the hip and knee joint

66
Q

Which muscle of the medial thigh can sometimes be transplanted into the hand or forearm to replace a damaged muscle?

A

Gracilis

67
Q

Where does the gracilis originate and attach?

A

Originates - inferior rami of the pubis

Attaches - medial surface of the tibia

68
Q

What is the function of the gracilis?

A

Adduction of the thigh

Flexion of the leg

69
Q

‘Groin strain’ is commonly as a result of strain to which muscles?

A

The adductor muscles in the thigh

70
Q

Groin injuries usually occur in which sports?

A

Sports that require explosive movement or extreme stretching

71
Q

Treatment of any muscle strain, including strain of the adductor muscles (groin strain) should utilise which protocol?

A

RICE

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

72
Q

In groin strain, which part of the adductor muscles of the thigh are usually damaged?

A

Proximal parts - tearing near their bony prominences near the pelvis

73
Q

From which nerve plexus does the obturator nerve arise?

A

Lumbar plexus

74
Q

Which two nerves innervate the adductor magnus?

A

Tibial

Obturator

75
Q

Which is the most superior of the medial thigh muscles?

A

Obturator externus

76
Q

The muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh are collectively known as…

A

The hamstrings

77
Q

How many muscles are in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

3

78
Q

Name the three muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

79
Q

The posterior thigh muscles form prominent tendons where?

A

Medially and laterally at the back of the knee

80
Q

The posterior muscles of the thigh generally act to…

A

Extend the thigh at the hip

Flex the knee

81
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior muscles of the thigh?

A

Sciatic nerve

82
Q

Which roots contribute to the sciatic nerve?

A

L4-S3

83
Q

Name the muscles in the posterior thigh from medial to lateral

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris

84
Q

The biceps femoris consists of…

A

2 heads - long head and a short head

85
Q

Which is the most lateral of the posterior thigh muscles?

A

Biceps femoris

86
Q

Where can the tendon of the biceps femoris be palpated?

A

Lateral aspect of the posterior knee

87
Q

Where does the long head and short head of the biceps femoris originate?

A

Long head - ischial tuberosity of the pelvis

Short head - linea aspera on posterior surface of the femur

88
Q

Where do both the long head and short head of the biceps femoris attach?

A

Head of the fibula

89
Q

What is the main action of the biceps femoris?

A

Flexion at the knee

90
Q

As well as flexion at the knee, the biceps femoris also…

A

Extends at the hip

Laterally rotates at the hip and knee

91
Q

What nerve innervates the long head and short head of the biceps femoris?

A

Long head - tibial part of sciatic nerve

Short head - common fibular part of sciatic nerve

92
Q

What two branches of the sciatic nerve innervate the different muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Tibial part

Common fibular part (only the short head of the biceps femoris)

93
Q

Where does the semitendinosus lie in relation to the biceps femoris? What muscle does it largely cover?

A

Medial to the biceps femoris

Covers semimembranosus

94
Q

Where does the semitendinosus originate and attach?

A

Originates - ischial tuberosity of the pelvis

Attaches - medial surface of the tibia

95
Q

What is the action of the semitendinosus?

A

Flexion of the legs at the knee joint

Extension of the thigh at the hip

Medially rotates the thigh and the leg

96
Q

What nerve innervates the semitendinosus?

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve

97
Q

The semimembranosus is located under which muscle?

A

Semitendinosus

98
Q

Where does the semimembranosus originate and attach?

A

Originates - ischial tuberosity of the pelvis (more superiorly)

Attaches - medial tibial condyle

99
Q

What is the function of the semimembranosus?

A

Flexion at the knee

Extension at the hip

Medial rotation at the hip/thigh

100
Q

Which nerve innervates the semimembranosus?

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve

101
Q

A hamstring strain refers to excessive _________ or __________ of the muscles fibres

A

Stretch

Tearing

102
Q

Damage to muscle fibres is likely to have what effect on surrounding blood vessels?

A

Rupture them causing a haematoma

103
Q

What contains the haematoma in a hamstring strain?

A

Fascia lata

104
Q

Treatment of any muscle strain should utilise which protocol?

A

RICE

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

105
Q

What is an avulsion fracture?

A

When a fragment of bone breaks away from the main body of bone

106
Q

Describe what happens in an avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity

In what sort of sports are these common?

A

Tendons of the hamstrings tear off a piece off the ischial tuberosity

Sprinting, football, hurdling (rapid contraction and relaxation)

msk (10 decks)

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