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Lower Limb Anatomical Areas Flashcards

1
Q

The femoral triangle is a hollow area in the ____________ ___________

A

Anterior thigh

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2
Q

What forms the superior body of the femoral triangle?

A

The inguinal ligament

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3
Q

The inguinal ligament runs from the ________________ to the ________________

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

Pubis tubercle

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4
Q

What forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

A

Medial border of the sartorius muscle

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5
Q

What forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?

A

Medial border of the adductor longus muscle

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6
Q

What forms the roof of the femoral triangle?

A

Fascia lata

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7
Q

What forms the base of the femoral triangle? (3)

A

Pectineus, iliopsoas and adductor longus muscles

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8
Q

What structural role does the inguinal ligament play in the femoral triangle?

A

Acts as a flexor retinaculum and supports the contents of the femoral triangle during flexion at the hip

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9
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle (lateral to medial)?

A

NAVEL

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery 
Femoral vein 
Empty space 
Lymph canal
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10
Q

What is the purpose of the empty space found in the femoral triangle?

A

Allows the veins and lymph vessels to distend so they can cope with different levels of flow

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11
Q

What structures are contained within the femoral sheath?

A

The femoral artery, vein and canal

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12
Q

What does the femoral canal contain?

A

Deep lymph nodes and vessels

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13
Q

Which vein drains into the femoral vein within the femoral triangle?

A

Great saphenous vein

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14
Q

What artery is responsible for the majority of the arterial supply to the lower limb?

A

Femoral artery

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15
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

The anterior compartment of the thigh and provides sensory branches for the leg and foot

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16
Q

Where can the femoral pulse be palpated?

A

Just inferior to where the femoral artery crosses the inguinal ligament

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17
Q

The femoral artery crosses exactly midway between the ________ _________ and ________ _________ _______ ________

A

Pubis symphysis

Anterior superior iliac spine

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18
Q

The presence of the femoral pulse means…

A

Blood is reaching the lower extremity

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19
Q

Is the femoral artery located superficially or deep in the femoral triangle? What is the clinical significance of this?

A

Superficial

It can be accessed for procedures such as coronary angiography

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20
Q

What happens in the case of a femoral hernia? How does it usually present? How is treated?

A

Part of the bowel pushes into the femoral canal underneath the inguinal ligament

Lump or bulge in the femoral triangle

Usually surgically

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21
Q

The femoral canal is an anatomical compartment located in the ___________ ____________ within the _____________ ___________

A

Anterior thigh

Femoral triangle

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22
Q

What shape does the femoral canal take?

A

Rectangular shape

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23
Q

What forms the medial border of the femoral canal?

A

Lacunar ligament

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24
Q

What forms the lateral border of the femoral canal?

A

Femoral vein

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25
What forms the anterior border of the femoral canal?
Inguinal ligament
26
What forms the posterior border of the femoral canal?
Pectineal ligamen, superior ramus of the pubic bone and the pectineus
27
Where is the opening to the femoral canal located?
At its superior border (the femoral ring)
28
The femoral ring of the femoral canal is closed by... What pierces through this covering?
A layer of connective tissue - femoral septum Lymphatic vessels
29
What does the femoral canal contain? (4)
Lymphatic vessels A deep lymph node - the lacunar node Empty space Loos connective tissue
30
The lymphatic vessels of the femoral canal drain into...
The deep inguinal lymph nodes
31
Why are femoral hernia more common in women?
Due to their wider, bony pelvis
32
The borders of the femoral canal are tough and not particularly extendible. What are the clinical implications of this with regards to a femoral hernia?
Can result in compression of the hernia and its blood supply resulting in a strangulated hernia
33
Roughly how long is the femoral sheath?
1.3 cm long
34
What shape does the adductor canal have? Where is it located? Roughly how long is it?
Cone shape tunnel Thigh 15 cm
35
The adductor canal serves as a passageway for structures moving between the ___________ ___________ and _________ _______
Anterior thigh Posterior leg
36
The adductor canal extends from the apex of the femoral triangle to the...
Adductor hiatus of the adductor magnus
37
The adductor canal is bordered by which muscular structures, anteriorly, posterior and laterally
Anterior - sartorius Lateral - Vastus medialis Posterior - adductor longus and adductor magnus
38
What is the adductor hiatus? What role does it play in the adductor canal?
Gap between the adductor and hamstring attachments of the adductor magnus Marks the apex of the adductor canal
39
What does the adductor canal contain?
Femoral artery Femoral vein Nerve to the vastus medialis Saphenous nerve
40
What do the femoral artery and vein become as they exit the adductor canal?
The popliteal artery and vein
41
What is adductor canal block? What is the clinical significance of this?
Where local anaesthetic is administered in the adductor canal to block the saphenous nerve (and sometimes the nerve to the vastus medialis) Provides sensory anaesthesia for procedures involving parts of the leg
42
What two structures are used as anatomical landmarks when trying to locate the saphenous nerve?
The sartorius and femoral artery
43
What usually causes adductor canal compression syndrome? In what group of people is it most common?
Hypertrophy of adjacent muscles e.g. the vastus medialis Young males
44
What are typical symptoms of adductor canal compression syndrome? (2)
Cramping in the leg due to femoral artery occlusion Neurological symptoms due to saphenous nerve entrapment
45
Where is the popliteal fossa found? What shape does it take?
Posterior side of the knee Diamond shaped
46
The popliteal fossa is the main path in which structures move from the ___________ to the _______
Thigh to the leg
47
What forms the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa?
Semimembranosus
48
What forms the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa?
Biceps femoris
49
What forms the inferomedial border of the popliteal fossa?
Medial head of the gastrocnemius
50
What forms the inferolateral border of the popliteal fossa?
Lateral head of the gastrocnemius and plantaris
51
What forms the floor of the popliteal fossa?
Posterior surface of the knee joint capsule and the posterior surface of the femur
52
What forms the of the popliteal fossa?
The popliteal fascia and the skin
53
The popliteal fascia is continuous with the...
Fascia lata of the leg
54
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa? (medial to lateral)
Popliteal artery Popliteal vein Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve
55
The tibial and common fibular nerves are both branches of the...
Sciatic nerve
56
What are the two most superficial contents of the popliteal fossa?
Tibial and common fibular nerves
57
Which vein pierces the popliteal fascia to drain into the popliteal vein?
Small saphenous vein
58
What is the deepest structure of the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal artery
59
The popliteal artery is a continuation of which artery?
Femoral artery
60
What are the two major causes of a mass/swelling in the popliteal fossa?
Baker's cyst | Aneurysm of the popliteal artery
61
What is the cause of a baker's cyst?
Inflammation and swelling of the semimembranosus bursa
62
Normally, baker's cysts self-resolve however what can occur if the cyst ruptures?
It can produce symptoms similar to DVT
63
The roof (popliteal fascia) of the popliteal fossa is tough and non-extendible what will this mean in case of aneurysm of the popliteal artery?
It can compress on other structures in the popliteal fossa most commonly the tibial nerve
64
What are the main features of tibial nerve compression? (2)
Weakened or absent plantar flexion | Paraesthesia (pins and needles) of the foot and posterolateral leg
65
How can aneurysm of the popliteal artery be detected?
By an obvious palpable pulsation in the popliteal fossa
66
What are some rarer causes of a popliteal mass?
DVT | Various neoplasms
67
The common fibular nerve runs along the tendon of which muscle?
Biceps femoris

MSK (10 decks)

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