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MSK > Lower Limb Anatomical Areas > Flashcards

Lower Limb Anatomical Areas Flashcards

1
Q

The femoral triangle is a hollow area in the ____________ ___________

A

Anterior thigh

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2
Q

What forms the superior body of the femoral triangle?

A

The inguinal ligament

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3
Q

The inguinal ligament runs from the ________________ to the ________________

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

Pubis tubercle

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4
Q

What forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

A

Medial border of the sartorius muscle

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5
Q

What forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?

A

Medial border of the adductor longus muscle

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6
Q

What forms the roof of the femoral triangle?

A

Fascia lata

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7
Q

What forms the base of the femoral triangle? (3)

A

Pectineus, iliopsoas and adductor longus muscles

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8
Q

What structural role does the inguinal ligament play in the femoral triangle?

A

Acts as a flexor retinaculum and supports the contents of the femoral triangle during flexion at the hip

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9
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle (lateral to medial)?

A

NAVEL

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery 
Femoral vein 
Empty space 
Lymph canal
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10
Q

What is the purpose of the empty space found in the femoral triangle?

A

Allows the veins and lymph vessels to distend so they can cope with different levels of flow

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11
Q

What structures are contained within the femoral sheath?

A

The femoral artery, vein and canal

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12
Q

What does the femoral canal contain?

A

Deep lymph nodes and vessels

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13
Q

Which vein drains into the femoral vein within the femoral triangle?

A

Great saphenous vein

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14
Q

What artery is responsible for the majority of the arterial supply to the lower limb?

A

Femoral artery

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15
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

The anterior compartment of the thigh and provides sensory branches for the leg and foot

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16
Q

Where can the femoral pulse be palpated?

A

Just inferior to where the femoral artery crosses the inguinal ligament

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17
Q

The femoral artery crosses exactly midway between the ________ _________ and ________ _________ _______ ________

A

Pubis symphysis

Anterior superior iliac spine

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18
Q

The presence of the femoral pulse means…

A

Blood is reaching the lower extremity

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19
Q

Is the femoral artery located superficially or deep in the femoral triangle? What is the clinical significance of this?

A

Superficial

It can be accessed for procedures such as coronary angiography

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20
Q

What happens in the case of a femoral hernia? How does it usually present? How is treated?

A

Part of the bowel pushes into the femoral canal underneath the inguinal ligament

Lump or bulge in the femoral triangle

Usually surgically

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21
Q

The femoral canal is an anatomical compartment located in the ___________ ____________ within the _____________ ___________

A

Anterior thigh

Femoral triangle

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22
Q

What shape does the femoral canal take?

A

Rectangular shape

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23
Q

What forms the medial border of the femoral canal?

A

Lacunar ligament

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24
Q

What forms the lateral border of the femoral canal?

A

Femoral vein

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25
Q

What forms the anterior border of the femoral canal?

A

Inguinal ligament

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26
Q

What forms the posterior border of the femoral canal?

A

Pectineal ligamen, superior ramus of the pubic bone and the pectineus

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27
Q

Where is the opening to the femoral canal located?

A

At its superior border (the femoral ring)

28
Q

The femoral ring of the femoral canal is closed by… What pierces through this covering?

A

A layer of connective tissue - femoral septum

Lymphatic vessels

29
Q

What does the femoral canal contain? (4)

A

Lymphatic vessels
A deep lymph node - the lacunar node
Empty space
Loos connective tissue

30
Q

The lymphatic vessels of the femoral canal drain into…

A

The deep inguinal lymph nodes

31
Q

Why are femoral hernia more common in women?

A

Due to their wider, bony pelvis

32
Q

The borders of the femoral canal are tough and not particularly extendible. What are the clinical implications of this with regards to a femoral hernia?

A

Can result in compression of the hernia and its blood supply resulting in a strangulated hernia

33
Q

Roughly how long is the femoral sheath?

A

1.3 cm long

34
Q

What shape does the adductor canal have? Where is it located? Roughly how long is it?

A

Cone shape tunnel
Thigh
15 cm

35
Q

The adductor canal serves as a passageway for structures moving between the ___________ ___________ and _________ _______

A

Anterior thigh

Posterior leg

36
Q

The adductor canal extends from the apex of the femoral triangle to the…

A

Adductor hiatus of the adductor magnus

37
Q

The adductor canal is bordered by which muscular structures, anteriorly, posterior and laterally

A

Anterior - sartorius

Lateral - Vastus medialis

Posterior - adductor longus and adductor magnus

38
Q

What is the adductor hiatus? What role does it play in the adductor canal?

A

Gap between the adductor and hamstring attachments of the adductor magnus

Marks the apex of the adductor canal

39
Q

What does the adductor canal contain?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Nerve to the vastus medialis
Saphenous nerve

40
Q

What do the femoral artery and vein become as they exit the adductor canal?

A

The popliteal artery and vein

41
Q

What is adductor canal block? What is the clinical significance of this?

A

Where local anaesthetic is administered in the adductor canal to block the saphenous nerve (and sometimes the nerve to the vastus medialis)

Provides sensory anaesthesia for procedures involving parts of the leg

42
Q

What two structures are used as anatomical landmarks when trying to locate the saphenous nerve?

A

The sartorius and femoral artery

43
Q

What usually causes adductor canal compression syndrome? In what group of people is it most common?

A

Hypertrophy of adjacent muscles e.g. the vastus medialis

Young males

44
Q

What are typical symptoms of adductor canal compression syndrome? (2)

A

Cramping in the leg due to femoral artery occlusion

Neurological symptoms due to saphenous nerve entrapment

45
Q

Where is the popliteal fossa found? What shape does it take?

A

Posterior side of the knee

Diamond shaped

46
Q

The popliteal fossa is the main path in which structures move from the ___________ to the _______

A

Thigh to the leg

47
Q

What forms the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Semimembranosus

48
Q

What forms the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Biceps femoris

49
Q

What forms the inferomedial border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Medial head of the gastrocnemius

50
Q

What forms the inferolateral border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Lateral head of the gastrocnemius and plantaris

51
Q

What forms the floor of the popliteal fossa?

A

Posterior surface of the knee joint capsule and the posterior surface of the femur

52
Q

What forms the of the popliteal fossa?

A

The popliteal fascia and the skin

53
Q

The popliteal fascia is continuous with the…

A

Fascia lata of the leg

54
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa? (medial to lateral)

A

Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve

55
Q

The tibial and common fibular nerves are both branches of the…

A

Sciatic nerve

56
Q

What are the two most superficial contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Tibial and common fibular nerves

57
Q

Which vein pierces the popliteal fascia to drain into the popliteal vein?

A

Small saphenous vein

58
Q

What is the deepest structure of the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal artery

59
Q

The popliteal artery is a continuation of which artery?

A

Femoral artery

60
Q

What are the two major causes of a mass/swelling in the popliteal fossa?

A

Baker’s cyst

Aneurysm of the popliteal artery

61
Q

What is the cause of a baker’s cyst?

A

Inflammation and swelling of the semimembranosus bursa

62
Q

Normally, baker’s cysts self-resolve however what can occur if the cyst ruptures?

A

It can produce symptoms similar to DVT

63
Q

The roof (popliteal fascia) of the popliteal fossa is tough and non-extendible what will this mean in case of aneurysm of the popliteal artery?

A

It can compress on other structures in the popliteal fossa most commonly the tibial nerve

64
Q

What are the main features of tibial nerve compression? (2)

A

Weakened or absent plantar flexion

Paraesthesia (pins and needles) of the foot and posterolateral leg

65
Q

How can aneurysm of the popliteal artery be detected?

A

By an obvious palpable pulsation in the popliteal fossa

66
Q

What are some rarer causes of a popliteal mass?

A

DVT

Various neoplasms

67
Q

The common fibular nerve runs along the tendon of which muscle?

A

Biceps femoris

MSK (10 decks)

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