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MSK > Gluteal Muscles > Flashcards

Gluteal Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the gluteal region located?

A

Posterior to the pelvic girdle at the proximal end of the femur

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2
Q

The gluteal region lies posterior to the ____________ __________ and at the proximal end of the ___________

A

Pelvic girdle

Femur

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3
Q

The muscles in the gluteal region move…

A

The lower limb at the hip joint

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4
Q

The muscles of the gluteal region can be divided into which 2 groups?

A

Superficial abductor and extenders

Deep lateral rotators

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5
Q

The superficial muscles of the gluteal region largely act to…

A

Abduct and extend the femur

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6
Q

The deep muscles of the gluteal region largely act to…

A

Laterally rotate the femur

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7
Q

How many superficial abductor and extender muscles are there in the gluteal region?

How many deep lateral rotator muscles are there in the gluteal region?

A

4

5

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8
Q

Name the 4 superficial abductor and extender muscles of the gluteal region

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata

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9
Q

Name the 5 deep lateral rotator muscles of the gluteal region

A 
Quadratus femoris 
Piriformis 
Gemellus superior 
Gemellus inferior 
Obturator internus
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10
Q

Which is the most superficial of all the gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus

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11
Q

Where does the gluteus maximus originate and attach?

A

Originates - posterior surface of the ilium, sacrum and coccyx

Attaches - iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur

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12
Q

What is the main action of the gluteus maximus?

A

Main extensor of the thigh

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13
Q

Which nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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14
Q

Where does the gluteus medius lie?

A

Between the gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus

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15
Q

Where does the gluteus medius originate and attach?

A

Originates - posterior (gluteal) surface of the ilium

Attaches - lateral surface of the greater trochanter

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16
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus medius?

A

Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb

During movement, secures the pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of opposite limb

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17
Q

Which nerve innervates the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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18
Q

Which is the deepest of all the superficial gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus minimus

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19
Q

Where does the gluteus minimus originate and attach?

A

Originates - ilium

Inserts - anterior side of the greater trochanter

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20
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus minimus?

A

Similar to gluteus medius

Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb

During movement, secures the pelvis preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb

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21
Q

Which nerve innervates the gluteus minimus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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22
Q

Where does the tensor fascia lata lie in relation to the iliac crest?

A

Towards its anterior edge

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23
Q

Where does the tensor fascia lata originate and attach?

A

Originates - anterior iliac crest

Inserts - iliotibial tract

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24
Q

What is the function of the tensor fascia lata (apart from tightening the fascia lata)?

A

Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb

25
Q

Which nerve innervates the tensor fascia lata?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

26
Q

What clinical sign can be seen as a result of damage to the superior gluteal nerve?

A

Trendelenburg sign - indicating gluteal muscle weakness

27
Q

What test is carried out to look for the Trendelenburg sign?

A

Patient asked to stand on one leg unassisted (for both legs)

28
Q

What will be seen in case of a positive result when testing for the Trendelenburg sign? Give an example

A

Pelvic drop in the unsupported leg (leg of the ground)

Right gluteal muscles weak –> Pelvic drop in left leg - So when standing on right leg (pelvic drop) will be seen

29
Q

How can pelvic drop be recognised?

A

By observing the level of the iliac crests on both sides

30
Q

Where are the deep gluteal muscles located?

A

Underneath the gluteus minimus

31
Q

What is the general action of the deep gluteal muscles? (2)

A

Laterally rotate the lower limb

Stabilise the hip joint

32
Q

How do the deep gluteal muscles help in the stabilisation of the hip joint?

A

They pull the femoral head into the acetabulum of the pelvis

33
Q

Which is the most superior of the deep gluteal muscles?

A

The piriformis

34
Q

Where does the piriformis originate and insert?

A

Originates - anterior surface of the sacrum

Inserts - greater trochanter of the femur

35
Q

What does the piriformis travel through to insert into the greater trochanter of the femur?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

36
Q

What are the actions of the piriformis?

A

Lateral rotation and abduction

37
Q

What nerve innervates the piriformis?

A

Nerve to piriformis

38
Q

The obturator internus forms the ______________ walls of the pelvic cavity

A

Lateral

39
Q

Where does the obturator internus originate and attach?

A

Originates - pubis and ischium at the obturator foramen

Attaches - greater trochanter of the femur

40
Q

What does the obturator internus travel through to insert into the greater trochanter of the femur?

A

Lesser sciatic foramen

41
Q

What is the function of the obturator internus?

A

Laterally rotates and abducts

42
Q

What nerve innervates the obturator internus?

A

Nerve to obturator internus

43
Q

What separates the two gemelli muscles?

A

Obturator internus tendon

44
Q

Where do the superior gemellus and inferior gemellus each originate and attach?

A

SG - originates - ischial spine
IG - originates - ischial tuberosity

Attach - BOTH - greater trochanter of the femur

45
Q

What is the function of the gemelli?

A

Lateral rotation and abduction

46
Q

Which nerve innervates the superior gemellus?

A

Nerve to obturator internus

47
Q

Which nerve innervates the inferior gemellus?

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris

48
Q

Which is the most inferior of all the deep gluteal muscles?

A

Quadratus femoris

49
Q

Where does the quadratus femoris originate and attach?

A

Originates - lateral side of the ischial tuberosity

Attaches - quadrate tuberosity on the intertrochanteric crest

50
Q

What is the action of the quadratus femoris?

A

Lateral rotation

51
Q

Which nerve innervates the quadratus femoris?

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris

52
Q

Which muscle is a particularly important landmark of the gluteal region?

A

Piriformis

53
Q

List the deep gluteal muscles from most superior to inferior

A 
Piriformis 
Superior gemellus 
Obturator internus 
Inferior gemellus 
Quadratus femoris
54
Q

The piriformis travels through the…

A

Greater sciatic foramen

55
Q

What is the anatomical importance of the piriformis?

A

As it travels through the greater sciatic foramen it divides the gluteal region into an inferior and superior part - determining the names of the vessels/nerves that supply each area

56
Q

The superior gluteal nerve and vessels emerge into the gluteal region superiorly to the _____________

A

Piriformis

57
Q

As well as effectively dividing the gluteal region in two, the piriformis can be used to locate the…

A

Sciatic nerve

58
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve enter the gluteal region? Is it visible?

A

Directly inferior to the piriformis

Yes, as a flat band - approx 2cm wide

MSK (10 decks)

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