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MSK > Foot Muscles > Flashcards

Foot Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

The muscles acting on the foot can be divided into which two groups?

A

Extrinsic muscles

Intrinsic muscles

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2
Q

Where do the extrinsic muscles of the foot arise from?

What sorts of actions are they responsible for?

A

The anterior, lateral and posterior compartments of the leg

Dorsiflexion, eversion, plantarflexion and inversion

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3
Q

Where are the intrinsic muscles of the foot located?

What actions are they responsible for?

A

In the foot

Fine motor actions of the foot

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4
Q

The intrinsic muscles of the foot can be divided into those situated on the ___________ of the foot and those in the __________ of the foot

A

Dorsum

Sole

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5
Q

How many intrinsic muscles are there located in the dorsum of the foot?

A

2

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6
Q

Name the two muscles of the dorsal aspect of the foot

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

Extensor hallucis brevis

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7
Q

Both intrinsic muscles of the dorsum of the foot (extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis) are innervated by…

A

The deep fibular nerve

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8
Q

Where does the extensor digitorum brevis lie in relation to the extensor digitorum longus?

A

Lies deep to its tendon

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9
Q

Where does the extensor digitorum brevis originate and attach?

A

Originates - calcaneus, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament and the inferior extensor retinaculum

Attaches - long extensor tendons of the four lateral digits

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10
Q

What is the function of the extensor digitorum brevis?

A

Extends the lateral four toes at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

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11
Q

Which nerve innervates the extensor digitorum brevis?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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12
Q

Where is the extensor hallucis brevis located in relation to the extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus?

A

Medial to the extensor digitorum longus

Lateral to the extensor hallucis longus

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13
Q

Where does the extensor hallucis brevis originate and attach?

A

Originates - calcaneus, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament and the inferior extensor retinaculum

Attaches - base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe

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14
Q

What is the function of the extensor hallucis brevis?

A

Extends the big toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint

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15
Q

Which nerve innervates the extensor hallucis brevis?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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16
Q

How many intrinsic muscle are located in the sole of the foot?

A

10

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17
Q

How do the intrinsic muscles on the sole of the foot collectively function?

Individually function?

A

To stabilise arches of the foot

Control movement of individual digits

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18
Q

All the intrinsic muscles in the sole of the foot are innervated by either the…

A

Medial plantar nerve

Lateral plantar nerve

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19
Q

Both the medial and lateral plantar nerves are branches of the…

A

Tibial nerve

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20
Q

The intrinsic muscles of the plantar aspect of the foot can be arranged in…

A

4 layers (superficial to deep)

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21
Q

How many muscles are located in the first, most superficial layer of the plantar aspect of the foot?

Name them

A

3

Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi

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22
Q

The first three muscles (most superficial) on the plantar aspect of the foot are located immediately underneath the…

A

Plantar fascia

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23
Q

Where is the abductor hallucis located on the sole of the foot?

A

On the medial side

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24
Q

Where does the abductor hallucis originate and attach?

A

Originates - medial tubercle of the calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis

Attaches - medial base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe

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25
Q

What is the action of the abductor hallucis?

A

Abducts and flexes the great toe

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26
Q

Which nerve innervates the abductor hallucis?

A

Medial plantar nerve

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27
Q

Where does the flexor digitorum brevis lie in the sole of the foot?

A

Lateral to the abductor hallucis

In the centre of the sole between the plantar aponeurosis and tendons of the flexor digitorum longus

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28
Q

List the intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot (superficial layer) from medial to lateral

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi

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29
Q

Where does the flexor digitorum brevis originate and attach?

A

Originates - medial tubercle of the calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

Attaches - middle phalanges of the lateral 4 digits

30
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Flexes the lateral four digits at the proximal interphalangeal joints

31
Q

Which nerve innervates the flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Medial plantar nerve

32
Q

On which aspect of the sole of the foot does the abductor digiti minimi lie?

A

Lateral aspect

33
Q

Where does the abductor digiti minimi originate and attach?

A

Originates - medial and lateral tubercles of the calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

Attaches - lateral base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

34
Q

Which nerve innervates the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

35
Q

What is the action of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Abducts and flexes the 5th digit

36
Q

The second layer of the sole of the foot consists of how many intrinsic muscles?

Name them

A

2

Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals

37
Q

Where is the quadratus plantae located in relation to the flexor digitorum longus tendons?

A

Superior to the tendons

38
Q

What separates the quadratus plantae from the first layer of muscles in the sole of the foot?

A

Lateral plantar vessels and nerves

39
Q

Where does the quadratus plantae originate and attach?

A

Originates - medial and lateral plantar surface of the calcaneus

Attaches - tendons of flexor digitorum longus

40
Q

What is the action of the quadratus plantae?

A

Assists the flexor digitorum longus in flexing the lateral four digits

41
Q

Which nerve innervates the quadratus plantae?

A

Lateral plantae nerve

42
Q

How many lumbricals are there in the foot?

Where are they located relative to the tendon of their respective flexor digitorum longus?

A

4

Medial to the tendon

43
Q

Where do the lumbricals originate and attach?

A

Originates - tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Attaches - extensor hoods of the lateral four digits

44
Q

What is the action of the lumbricals?

A

Flexes at the metatarsophalangeal joints

Extends at the interphalangeal joints

45
Q

Which nerve innervates the lumbricals?

A

Medial lumbrical - medial plantar nerve

Other 3 lumbricals - lateral plantar nerve

46
Q

How many muscles are found in the 3rd layer of the intrinsic muscles on the plantar aspect of the foot?

Name them

A

3

Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

47
Q

What aspect of the foot is the flexor hallucis brevis located on?

A

Medial side of the foot

48
Q

Where does the flexor hallucis brevis originate and attach?

A

Originates - plantar surfaces of the cuboid and lateral cuneiforms, tendon of the posterior tibialis tendon

Attaches - base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

49
Q

What is the action of the flexor hallucis brevis?

A

Flexes the proximal phalanx of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint

50
Q

Which nerve innervates the flexor hallucis brevis?

A

Medial plantar nerve

51
Q

The adductor hallucis consist of which heads? Where is it located in relation to the flexor hallucis brevis?

A

2 heads - oblique and transverse

Laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis

52
Q

Where does the oblique head of the adductor hallucis originate?

Where does the transverse head of the adductor hallucis originate?

A

Bases of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals

Plantar ligaments of the metatarsophalangeal joints

53
Q

Where do both heads of the adductor hallucis attach?

A

Lateral base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

54
Q

What is the action of the adductor hallucis?

A

Adducts the great toe

Assists in forming the transverse arch of the foot

55
Q

Which nerve innervates the adductor hallucis?

A

Deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve

56
Q

Where is the flexor digiti minimi brevis located?

A

On the lateral side of the foot underneath the metatarsal of the little toe

57
Q

Where does the flexor digiti minimi brevis originate and attach?

A

Originates - base of the 5th metatarsal

Attaches - base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

58
Q

What is the action of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Flexes the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

59
Q

Which nerve innervates the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve

60
Q

Which 2 muscles exist in the 4th layer of the intrinsic muscles of the foot on the dorsal aspect?

A

Plantar interossei

Dorsal interossei

61
Q

What type of muscles are the plantar interossei?

What type of muscles are the dorsal interossei?

A

Unipennate

Bipennate

62
Q

How many plantar interossei are there? What are they located between?

How many dorsal interossei are there? What are they located in between?

A

3
Metatarsals

4
Metatarsals

63
Q

The plantar interossei each arise from how many metatarsals?

A

1

64
Q

The dorsal interossei each arise from how many metatarsals?

A

2

65
Q

Where do the plantar interossei originate and attach?

A

Originates - medial side of metatarsals 3-5

Attaches - medial sides of phalanges 3-5

66
Q

What is the function of the plantar interossei?

A

Adducts digits 3-5

Flexes the metatarsophalangeal joints

67
Q

Which nerve innervates both the plantar and dorsal interossei?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

68
Q

Where do the dorsal interossei originate and attach?

A

Originates - sides of metatarsals 1-5

Attaches - 1st muscle to the medial side of the proximal phalanx of the second digit. 2nd-4th to the lateral sides of the digits 2-4

69
Q

What is the function of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abducts digits 2-4

Flexes metatarsophalangeal joints

70
Q

How can the tearing of the extensor digitorum brevis be distinguished from a sprained ankle?

A

Torn muscle will produce a swelling anteromedial to the lateral malleolus (haematoma)

71
Q

The medial plantar nerve can become compressed as it passes deep to the…

What can this cause?

A

Abductor hallucis

Aching, numbers and paresthesia on the medial sole of the foot

MSK (10 decks)

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