Thermotherapy Flashcards
humans are blank because we maintain our core temp at a constant
endotherms (thermal homeostasis)
warmest part of our body
core
movement of molecules related to temp of a subject
thermal kinetic energy
energy of position where molecules are attracted to each other
thermal potential energy
potential energy does not change unless the blank changes
phase
phase changes occur without a change in blank
temperature
amount of heat required to convert a certain unit of a solid into a similar unit of a liquid without changing temperature
latent heat of fusion
energy cant be created nor destroyed
first law of thermodynamics
amount of energy required to raise temp of material by a given number of degrees
specific heat
it takes blank energy to increase temperature paraffin and bone than to increase temp of water and skin
less
high specific heat requires blank energy to increase in temperature
high
water at same temp as paraffin would cause a blank
burn
five modes of heat transfer
conduction, convection, conversion, radiation, evaporation
exchange of energy between two materials at different temps due to direct collision between molecules of materials
conduction
subcutaneous tissues are heated by blank through adjacent layers
conduction
metal has a blank thermal conductivity
high
transfer of heat as the result of direct contact between a circulating medium and another material of a different temp
convection
blank transfers energy better than blank
convection, conduction
a blank is an example of convection
whirlpool, blood
converting a non thermal form of energy into heat
conversion
heat transfer conversion like ultrasound and friction
mechanical
heat transfer conversion like acid to metal
chemical
conversion does not require blank but does require a good blank
direct contact, conductor
direct transfer of energy without direct contact or intervening medium
radiation
heat transfer where material must absorb energy before it can change from liquid to gas
evaporation
thermotherapy can destroy blank tissue growth
malignant
application of heat causes an increase in the diameter of blood vessels and thus an increase in the rate of blood flow… this is called blank and is a blank effect of thermotherapy
vasodilation, hemodynamic
thermotherapy blank sympathetic activity and a blank of smooth muscle contraction
inhibition, reduction
increased blood flow removes heat via blank
convection
thermotherapy increases blank conduction velocity
nerve
thermotherapy results in blank strength for 30 minutes after heating
decreased
thermotherapy results in fewer blank over time
strength gains
thermotherapy increases endothermic chemical blank
reaction rate
heat increases blank uptake and blank healing
oxygen, accelerates
heat blank fluid viscosity which allows for lengthening of fibers
decreases
infrared modalities emitting electromagnetic radiation
moist hot pack, paraffin bath, infrared lamp
moist hot packs retain heat for blank minutes
20
ratio of wax to oil in paraffin bath
5:1
paraffin has a blank specific heat
low
thermal modality used for the dry superficial heating of tissue
infrared lamp
IR-A generates blank rays
short
IR-B makes blank rays
middle
IR-C makes blank rays
long
clinically used wavelength
780-1500 nanometers
heat is produced by the resistance to an electric current as it passes through a tungsten or carbon filament surrounded by metal reflectors
luminous lamps
