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Neuroendocrine Test Three > Thermoregulation > Flashcards

Thermoregulation Flashcards

1
Q

Describe cutaneous thermoreceptors.

A
  • Bimodal- temp and touch sensitive
  • warm or cold sensitive
    • usualy 10x as many cold sensitive ones
  • tells about environment conditions
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2
Q

What is the importance of thermoreceptors in the gut?

A
  • To sense threats to maintance of core tempreature
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3
Q

Where are thermoreceptors located in the brain and what do they do?

A
  • Pre-optic and superoptic regions of hypothalamus
  • Neuron cell bodies sensitive to chagnes in temp, 3x as many warm sensitive ones
    • relay info to other hypothalamus areas
  • Detect core temp
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4
Q

What does the hypothalamus do regarding body temperature control?

A
  • determines set point
  • recieves info about current temp
  • decides if anything needs to be done about #2
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5
Q

How is set point determined?

A

Action potentials from thermoreceptors match the AP’s from neurons that make set point

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6
Q

How does set point flucuate throughout the day?

A
  • Decreases with sleep and increases with exercise
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7
Q

If the anterior hypothalamus is active what is happening with regards to heat/cooling?

A
  • The anterior hypothalamus responds to heat so it responds to an increase in core temp or environment temp.
    • Begins heat loss behaviors
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8
Q

If the posterior hypothalamus is active what is happening in the body?

A
  • It is active in response to cooling so a decrease in environment temp or core temp
    • Initiates heat production behaviors
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9
Q

What are four mechanisms of heat production? (Effectors)

A
  • ANS specifically sympathetic ns
  • Endocrine system- thyroxin and epinephrine
  • Muscles
  • Non shivering thermogenesis-Brown aidpose
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10
Q

Describe how shivering works.

A
  • Shivering activates dorsomedial posteiro hypothalamus and increases motorneuron excitation
  • It also increases voluntary activity in the cortex
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11
Q

What innervates brown fat and what hormone stimulates it?

A

Sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine stimulates it

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12
Q

What are the two kinds of evaporatiave heat loss?

A
  • Insensible respiratory
  • Sweating Controlled
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13
Q

What is convection?

A

Movement of molecules away from contact, air heating and rising

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14
Q

What is conduction?

A

Transfer of heat between objects in physical contact

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15
Q

What is radiation heat loss?

A

Infrared radiation transferring heat between 2 objects not in physical contact

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16
Q

What kind of innervation and receptor are part of sweating?

A
  • Sympathetic cholinergic with acetylcholine as the NT
  • Muscarinic receptor
17
Q

How is sweat produced?

A
  • filtration of serum including ions
  • NaCl moves into sweat
  • As fluid travels up to skin surface water and sodium are reabosorbed into the duct
18
Q

What is meant by low flow rate of sweat?

A
  • It is concentrated sweat
  • a lot of water is reabsorbed but not sodium
19
Q

What is meant by high flow rate?

A
  • Little water is re absorbed so the sweat is very dilute
20
Q

What happens with acclimation in sweating?

A
  • little sodium is put out due to aldosterone producing dilute sweat
21
Q

How should your body respond to the set point being higher than actual body temp?

A
  • Decrease heat loss so blood moves away from the skin
    • Pale
  • Decrease evaporative heat loss
    • Dry skin
  • Increase heat production
    • Shivering
    • non shivering thermogenesis
22
Q

What is the major player in a fever?

A

Prostaglandin E2

23
Q

What is happening during a fever?

A
  • Increased heat production such as shivering and non chivering thermogenesis
  • Decreased heat loss moving blood away from skin and decreased evaporative heat loss
  • Same as when your body is cold, feels subjectively cold
  • Body temp is less than the set point- set point was increased and even though you are hotter than normal you feel cold bc you are still below set point
24
Q

What happens when a fever breaks?

A

No more activation of the immune system the hypothalamic set point goes back to normal

  • Now your body temp is above set point-feels hot
  • Decrease heat production
    • apathy, less movement, anorexia
  • Increase heat loss
    • conduction convection EHL (sweat) Insensible heat loss
25
Q

Compare contrast hyperthermia and fever:

  • core temp
  • Set point
  • Active thermoreg response
  • Signs
  • Subjective
  • Cause
A

Fever:

  • Increased core temp
  • Increased set point
  • Produce heat
  • Pallor, shivering, behave cold
  • Patient describes feeling cold
  • Infectioius agen producing inflammatory mediators increasing set point

Hyperthermia:

  • Increased core temp
  • Normal set point
  • Heat loss
  • Flushed skin and sweating (until too dehydrated), behave hot
  • Describes being hot
  • Increased heat production and decreased ability to eliminate heat, dehydration
26
Q

What plays a major role in Autonomic regualtion of temp? What is the outflow?

A
  • Dorsal longitudidnal fasciculus and within that the Paraventricular Nuclei
  • Outflow DLF to:
    • Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
    • Nucleus ambiguous
    • Parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons in spinal cord
27
Q

What does medial forebrain bundle do?

A
  • Provides substantial input to hypothalamus especially from nucleus tractus solitaries
  • outflow to same nuclei as DLF
28
Q

What does amammillotegmental tract do?

A

smaller than MFB and DLF

Mammillary bodies to autonomic nuclei

Neuroendocrine Test Three (19 decks)

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