Neurophysiology of Emotion Flashcards
Hypothalamus role in emotion
Key player in emotion, it regulates emotional experiences connected to physiological responses (due to ANS)
Olfactory cortex role in emotion
Olfaction and emotion strongly linked Parts of the limbic system deal with olfaction in addition to memory
Basal ganglia role in emotioni
Nucleus Accumbens Putamen play different roles *Tied to pleasure and disgust
Thalamus role in emotion
Anterior nucleus part of papez circuit *Relays sensory infor into system Other regions involved in both input and output of limbic system
Hippocampus role in emotion
Connect memory with emotion, another part of the papez circuit. *Links emotion to memory creation
Amygdala role in emotion
Association with emotion recognized early particularly fear and anger
Anterior cingulate cortex role in emotion
Mostly made of paleocortex (3 layers) Many of these neurons show after discharge meaning that even thought the event is over the neurons keep firing due to the emotion still occurring. *Higher level control and sadness
What does the limbic system control?
Emotional behavior Motivational drivers
Parahippocampal region is linked to __
surprise
What is interesting about the paths that allow us to feel emotion and interpret emotion o others?
They are the same
What are the two kinds of fear?
- Innate unconditioned fear: doesn’t need experience
- Learned conditioned fear: learned from experience indirect or direct
Amygdala role in fear?
- Processing an d recognition of social cues related to fear
- Emotional conditioning in response to fear
- Memory of the fear
What are the pathways used for learned fear?
- Direct thalamo-amygdaloid path to lateral nuc of amygdala to mediate a rapid response
- Indirect thalamo-cortico-amygdaloid path to lateral nucleus of amygdala to mediate later responses
*
In learned fear, where do both pathways (thalamo-amygdalar and thalamo-cortico-amygdaloid) end up?
Lateral nucleus of amygdala
What is the role of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala in learned fear? Where does info go after this point?
- Integrates inputs for example pairing of a particular sound with an electric shock
- Paired info is sent to basal and intercalated nuclei for more processing
In learned fear where is information sent after it goes from lateral basal and intercalated nucleu?
Central nucleus of amygdala
If the amygdala is damaged what happens in relation to fear?
Fear responses don’t occur, they can’t percieve it or be conditioned for it
Describe each destination in the fear pathway.
- Direct thalamo-amygdaloid path & indirect thalamo-cortico-amygdaloid path
- Both end up in the lateral nucleus of amygdala for pairing of events
- Intercalated and basal nuclei for more processing
- Central nucleus of amygdala to decide response
- Limbic system and hypothalamus
What hormone and receptors are necessary for anger?
Dopamine acting at D2 receptors
What is necessary to inhibit anger?
- Neocortex
- Ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei
- Septal nuclei
what is avoidance?
Prevention of behavior that has short term rewards but long term negative consequences
What are the anatomical structures for avoidance?
- Lateral posterior hypothalamus
- Dorsal midbrain
- Entorhinal cottex
What anatomical structures are needed for sadness?
Lower sector of anterior cingulate cortex which are strongly activated when recalling sad thins
What anatomical structures are needed for disgust?
- Insular cortex and Putamen
- Processing and recognition of social cues related to disgust
- Damage abolishes these abilities
- seen in huntintons
What are the two regions of the Anterior cingulate cortex?
- Ventral-affective emotion
- Dorsal- cognitive emotion
What is the Anterior cingulate cortex’s role in emotion?
- Intergrates viseral attentional and emptional input for understanding what we feel
- Regulate affect specifically top down control
- Monitors or detects conflilcts btw functional state and new info that has potential or motivational consequences, relays info to the prefrontal cortex
Two divisions of the prefrontal cortex?
- Dorsolateral which recieves input from motor areas such as basal ganaglia pre and supplementary motor cortices. Also Cingulate cortex and several association areas
- Ventromedial prefrontal cortex recieves info from amygdala hippocampus temporal visual assoc. area and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
What are the three roles the cortical control over emotion has?
- Reward processing(orbitofrontal): with amygdala we can link new stimulus to a primary reward
- Integration of bodily signals (ventromedial prefrontal): “gut feeling” decision when logical analysis can’t help
- Top down regulation: especially towards delayed gratification
