Higher Cognition Dr. Karius Flashcards
Components of Cognition
Language Social cognition Decision making Executive functioning Memory Visuospatial perception
What is the language implementation system for speaking?
Wernickes, Arcuate fasciculus and brocas, and facial area of motor cortex
What surrounds the language implementation system?
Mediational system for language to relay info to language implementation system
What is the conceptual system?
Distributed set of structures that provides concepts underlying language. Such as the noun mediation area are getting input from ventral visual path and gives names of things
What does it mean to be “language universalists”?
recognize all sounds that might be language as distinct sounds. This is seen in babies younger than six months
How do babies brains change between 6-9 months with regards to language?
they recognize specific language sounds of their native language. Babies “drop” the use of phenomes that don’t happen in their language.
When a language is learned after the acquisition phase what does it activate?
Adjacent region of Broca’s
Four components to language path?
Conceptual pathway Mediational path Language implementation Speech
Neural circuits for recognizing emotion in others is also involved in___.
Producing that same emotion in ourself
What makes up the triangle we use to see emotion?
- Eyes
- Nose
- Mouth
What controls use of eyes and directs gaze to the triangle of the face?
Amygdala
If a person has amygdala damage how do they look at faces?
They spend very little time looking at the eyes and triangle of face and doesn’t methodically scan the face
What is the mirror neuron system?
- Fire when you do something and when you see someone else do the same thing
- Smile at someone and they smile back
How does the imitation of others motions occur?
- Ventral visual pathway provides visual input
- Posterior mirror neuron system IDs motor actions
- Anterior mirror neuron system IDs goal of the action
What does the circuit for imitative behavior interact with?
Limbic structures via the insula
What does the core path in theory of mind requrie?
Amygdala and connections to medial temporal lobes sand orbitofrontal areas
Describe the steps for emotion comprehension.
- Perception of prosody via primary auditory cortex to process characteristics of sound
- Information sent to right posterior superior temporal sulcus with other acoustical info from secondary processees we can piece together the meaning of the loudness pitch etc of sound
- Judgement of emotional stimulus is determined in frontal cortex
What is theory of mind?
Ability to understand mental states of others and recognize how they differ from ours
What is likely requried for theory of mind to exist?
Emotion comprehension
What areas reconize facial expressionis and faces?
Supeior temporal sulcus and Fusiform Gyrus
What system evaluates evidence available in making decisions?
Stimulus encoding system of orbitofrontal cortex ventromedial prefrontal cortex and striatum
What does the anterior cingulate cortex system do?
Learns and encodes subjective value of the result of decision. Also involved in error detection.
What system predicts expected reward?
- Basal ganglia
- amygdala
- insular cortex: processing social emotions
- Intraparietal cortex: somatosensory processing & planning and intent
With a decision where risks are known what system is relied on the most?
Stimulus encoding system
If there is an unknown risk, what system does the decision making rely on most?
Expected reward system and then the action selection system
Action selection system?
- Decisions with ambiguous risks
- Anterior cingulate cortex
- Learning from mistakes
Componenets of the expected reward system?
- Amygdala
- Basal ganglia
- Insular cortex
- Intraparietal cortex
Stimulus encoding system?
Predicts consequences of actions
- Orbitofrontal cortex
- Ventromedial frontal cortex
- Striatum
