Intro to Endocrine Dr. Creamer Flashcards
1
Q
What does autocrine paracrine and endocrine and neurocrine mean?
A
- auto: cell releases a hm to act on itselft
- Para: cell releases a hm to act on the neighboring cell
- Endo: cell releases hm into the blood stream to act systemically
- Neuro: neuron releases hm into blood to act systemically
2
Q
What hm are released by hypothalamus?
A
- TRH
- CRH
- GnRH
- GHRH
- Somatostatin
- Produce not release, oxytocin and ADH
3
Q
Hm released by anterior pituitary
A
- ACTH
- TSH
- GH
- LH
- FSH
- PRL
- MSH
4
Q
What organs synthesize endocrine hm that are not typically endocrine organs?
A
- adipose
- heart
- liver
- kidney
- GI tract
5
Q
Two ways hormone secretion is regulated?
A
- neural mechanism
- Feedback mechanism
6
Q
How do you change the responsiveness of a cell to a hm?
A
- Changing number of receptors
- Changing affinity of recceptors for hm
7
Q
What hm’s use 1st messenger systems? What is the primary effector, 2nd msnger and secondary effector?
A
- ACTH
- LH
- FSH
- TSH
- glucagon
Adenylyl cyclase is primary effector which produces 2nd msngr cAMP whioch will activate secondary effector PKA
8
Q
What messenger system do GnRH, TRH, and Oxytocin use?
A
- Primary effector Phospholipasae C
- 2nd messenger IP3/DAG/Ca
- Secondary effector PKC or Calmodulin
9
Q
How do steroid hm’s work?
A
- Bind plasma protein carriers to travel in blood, but only unbound ones can enter cell
- Receptor is inside the cell either in nucleus or cytoplasm
- Once bound the receptor-hm complex binds DNA to activate or inhbit genes
- activated ones make new mRNA
- Translation occurs
10
Q
What are the Amine and steroid hormones?
(Rest are peptide)
A
Amine:
- Dopamine from hypothal
- T3/T4 from thyroid
- Epi/Nepi from adrenal medulla
Steroid:
- Cortisol from adrenal cortex
- aldosterone from AC
- Testosterone from testes
- Estradiol & Progesterone from Ovaries/Corpus Luteum
11
Q
What hormones use RTK mechanism?
A
- Insulin
- IGF-1
- GH
- Prolactin
12
Q
What hormones use cGMP mechanism?
A
- ANP
- NO
