thermoregulation Flashcards
what is the definition of an endotherm
a species that maintains a constant body temperature independent of their environment through metabolic reactions
temperature is controlled by the _____________ __________ in the hypothalamus and skin
thermoregulatory system
what is metabolism
chemical reactions that occur in the body
warming or cooling strategy?: vasoconstriction, piloerection, shivering, brown adipose tissue and behavioural changes
WARMING
warming or cooling strategy?: vasodilation, pilorelaxation, sweating, panting, gular fluttering, behavioural changes and reduced metabolic rate
COOLING
the response to low temperature where arterioles constrict restricting blood flow to the skin
vasoconstriction
the response to low temperature where erector muscles contract to raise hair/feathers to trap air in for insulation
piloerection
the response to low temperature where muscles contract rapidly generating heat by friction and respiration
shivering
the response to low temperature where cells take liquids and run them through the mitochondria to generate heat
brown adipose tissue
the response to low temperature where an animal curls up, increases movement and moves to warmer areas
behaviour changes
the response to high temperature where arterioles dilate, allowing more warm blood close to skins surface
vasodilation
the response to high temperature where erector muscles relax and hair/feather lie flat to allow convection/evaporation
pilorelaxation
the response to high temperatures where sweat is secreted by glands onto skins surface and is evaporated
sweating
the response to high temperature where water is evaporated from mouth nose lungs and birds air sacs
panting
the response to high temperatures where rapid throat flapping occurs
gular fluttering
