muscle structure and contraction

Question 1

type of muscle found attached to bones/ skeleton. allows movement of the skeleton at the joint

Answer 1

skeletal

Question 2

type of muscle tissue that is found in the digestive system, reproductive tracts, vascular system, bladder and bowls

Answer 2

smooth

Question 3

type of muscle that makes up the heart. it’s myogenic- can contract without nervous input

Answer 3

cardiac

Question 4

the name of the process where muscle tissue is developed

Answer 4

myogenesis

Question 5

fibres are surrounded by the ____________

Answer 5

sarcolemma

Question 6

around each myofibril is a network of tubes called the ___________ ___________

Answer 6

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

holes in the sarcolemma open into ____________ which meet the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

T-tubules

Question 8

found on the actin filament and is a thin protein that lies within a groove between actin molecules

Answer 8

tropomyosin

Question 9

found in the actin filament and is a globular protein that binds to the actin chains at regular intervals

Answer 9

troponin

Question 10

found in the actin filament and is a globular protein that binds to the actin chains at regular intervals

Answer 10

troponin

Question 11

found along the myosin filament and attach to actin

Answer 11

myosin heads

Question 12

1st stage of contraction

Answer 12

a nervous impulse arrives at the neuromuscular junction

Question 13

2nd stage of contraction

Answer 13

acetylcholine is released in the gap between the neurone and the sarcolemma and the signal goes through T-tubules

Question 14

3rd stage of contraction

Answer 14

sarcoplasmic reticulum released calcium ions over the myofibrils

Question 15

4th stage of contraction

Answer 15

ca+ binds to troponin changing the shape of the tropomyosin revealing binding sites

Question 16

5th stage of contraction

Answer 16

myosin heads are free to attach to the actin forming a cross bridge

Question 17

6th stage of contraction

Answer 17

the heads tilts towards the centre pulling the actin filaments inwards slightly and ADO and Pi are released

Question 18

7th stage of contraction

Answer 18

ATP molecule attaches to myosin and is hydrolysed. it’s released energy which breaks the cross bridge

Question 19

8th stage of contraction

Answer 19

head moves back to original state

Question 20

what does ATP stand for

Answer 20

adenosine triphosphate

Question 21

what does ADP stand for

Answer 21

adenosine diphosphate

Question 22

what are the segments that make up myofibrils called

Answer 22

sarcomeres

Question 23

what is the name of the thin protein filament

Answer 23

actin

Question 24

what causes calcium to be released in the first stage

Answer 24

a nervous impulse causes acetylcholine to be released which causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium

Question 25

what protein changes shape to reveal binding sites

Answer 25

tropomyosin

Question 26

what is the power stroke

Answer 26

myosin head tilts and pulled the actin. ATP causes it to let go