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animal biology > muscle structure and contraction > Flashcards

muscle structure and contraction Flashcards

1
Q

type of muscle found attached to bones/ skeleton. allows movement of the skeleton at the joint

A

skeletal

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2
Q

type of muscle tissue that is found in the digestive system, reproductive tracts, vascular system, bladder and bowls

A

smooth

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3
Q

type of muscle that makes up the heart. it’s myogenic- can contract without nervous input

A

cardiac

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4
Q

the name of the process where muscle tissue is developed

A

myogenesis

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5
Q

fibres are surrounded by the ____________

A

sarcolemma

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6
Q

around each myofibril is a network of tubes called the ___________ ___________

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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7
Q

holes in the sarcolemma open into ____________ which meet the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

T-tubules

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8
Q

found on the actin filament and is a thin protein that lies within a groove between actin molecules

A

tropomyosin

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9
Q

found in the actin filament and is a globular protein that binds to the actin chains at regular intervals

A

troponin

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10
Q

found in the actin filament and is a globular protein that binds to the actin chains at regular intervals

A

troponin

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11
Q

found along the myosin filament and attach to actin

A

myosin heads

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12
Q

1st stage of contraction

A

a nervous impulse arrives at the neuromuscular junction

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13
Q

2nd stage of contraction

A

acetylcholine is released in the gap between the neurone and the sarcolemma and the signal goes through T-tubules

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14
Q

3rd stage of contraction

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum released calcium ions over the myofibrils

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15
Q

4th stage of contraction

A

ca+ binds to troponin changing the shape of the tropomyosin revealing binding sites

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16
Q

5th stage of contraction

A

myosin heads are free to attach to the actin forming a cross bridge

17
Q

6th stage of contraction

A

the heads tilts towards the centre pulling the actin filaments inwards slightly and ADO and Pi are released

18
Q

7th stage of contraction

A

ATP molecule attaches to myosin and is hydrolysed. it’s released energy which breaks the cross bridge

19
Q

8th stage of contraction

A

head moves back to original state

20
Q

what does ATP stand for

A

adenosine triphosphate

21
Q

what does ADP stand for

A

adenosine diphosphate

22
Q

what are the segments that make up myofibrils called

A

sarcomeres

23
Q

what is the name of the thin protein filament

A

actin

24
Q

what causes calcium to be released in the first stage

A

a nervous impulse causes acetylcholine to be released which causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium

25
Q

what protein changes shape to reveal binding sites

A

tropomyosin

26
Q

what is the power stroke

A

myosin head tilts and pulled the actin. ATP causes it to let go

animal biology (21 decks)

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