joints and the integumentary system Flashcards
the type of bone tissue that consists of bone cells (osteocytes) in rings of densely packed matrix
compact bone
the type of bone tissue that is lighter and less dense and consists of plates and bars of bones adjacent to small irregular cavity’s that contain red bond marrow
spongy bone
what are fibrous joints
joints that are fixed by fibrous connective tissue that allows no movement.
what are cartilaginous joints
joints that are held together by cartilage and only allow slight movement. cartilage is a good shock absorber
what are synovial joints
joints that are freely moveable and occur where two bones meet
the component of a synovial joint that surrounds the bone and joins bone to bone and stabilises the joint
ligament
the component of a synovial joint that reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber
hyaline cartilage
the component of a synovial joint that is an envelope around the synovial joint
fibrous joint capsule
the component of the synovial joint that produces synovial fluid
synovial membrane
the component of a synovial joint that lubricates the joint
synovial fluid
movement that decreases the angle between two body parts
flexion
movement that increases the angle between two body parts
extension
a movement away from the midline
abduction
a movement towards the midline
adduction
the component of the skin that is the waterproof outer layer which keeps pathogens out of the body
epidermis
the component of the skin that is the middle layer which contains hair follicles, nerves, blood vessels and glands to help regulate body temperature
dermis
the component of the skin that is made of connective tissue and has a higher amount of fat which provides insulation and shape
hypodermis (subcutaneous)
the structure in skin that resists friction that can cause trauma. it provides a physical barrier against microbes and UV light
squamous epithelium
the structure in skin that supply’s an organ with a constant flow of blood through auto regulation
capillary bed
the structure in skin that provides immediate sensory feedback from the environment to the sensory cerebral cortex
sensory nerve endings
the structure in the skin that regulates body temperature, lubricators the skin, slows bacterial growth, helps the body to cool down
sweat glands
the structure in skin that provides insulation from heat and cold, helps protect the body and organs, fat storage for energy
adipose tissue
the structure in the skin that pulls hairs up or down depending if you feel cold or warm
erector muscle
the structure in skin that produces sweat, removes dead cells, lowers body temperature
sweat pore
the structure in skin that produces hair and forms nerve endings
hair follicle
the structure in the skin that protects skin from external factors and regulates body temperature
hair/ fur
the exocrine gland that secretes sweat
sudoriferous
the exocrine gland that secretes sebum which keeps that hair and skin lubricated
sebaceous
the exocrine gland that is a specialised sudoriferous gland which secretes ear wax
ceruminous
what is a downy hair
dense, fine, soft hairs which lie close to the skin making the undercoat
what is a guard hair
coarser, thicker, longer hairs that make up the top coat.
7 functions of feathers
flight, protection, warmth, stealth, display, avoiding predation and walking
what are contour feathers
give the bird its shape and colour: they can also help insulate
what are down feathers
small, soft and fluffy, these trap air in an insulating layer
what are semiplume feathers
found underneath contour feathers, used for insulation
what are flight feathers
found on the tail and wings: give strength for flight and are responsible for thrust, lift and control
what are bristle feathers
found in the head around eyelids, nares and mouth. function similar to eyelashes. help funnel food into mouth
what are filoplume feathers
very small and attached to nerve endings. they send information to the brain about feather alignment
