Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry

Question 1

Thermodynamics

Answer 1

Branch of physical chemistry that deals with energy interaction between bodies and its effects on properties of matter

Question 2

System and Surroundings

Answer 2

Part of universe under investigation is called system and part of universe excluding system is called surroundings.

Question 3

Types of System

Answer 3

Open System - A system which can exchange energy as well as material in the surrounding
Closed System - A system which can exchange only energy but not material
Isolated System - A system in which neither energy no mass is being exchanged

Question 4

What are intensive and extensive properties?

Answer 4

Intensive Properties - Mass-independent Properties
Pressure, temperature, concentration terms, density, etc.
Extensive Properties - Mass-dependent Properties
Moles, mass, volume, internal energy, entropy, etc.

Question 5

State and Path Functions

Answer 5

Variable depends upon initial and final position, but not path taken, then it is called State Functions
Variable depends upon position as well as the path is called path functions.

Question 6

Molar Heat Capacity at Constant Volume and Constant Pressure(Cv and Cp)

Answer 6

Amount of heat required to increase the temperature of one mole of a substance at constant volume and constant pressure

Question 7

Mayer’s Formula

Answer 7

Cp-Cv = R

Question 8

Poison’s Ratio

Answer 8

Y(Atomicity of gas) = Cp/Cv

Question 9

Specific Heat

Answer 9

Amount of heat required to increase the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
q = mSΔT

Question 10

Heat Capacity

Answer 10

Amount of heat required to increase the temperature of m gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
C=mS

Question 11

Gravitational and Electrical Work done

Answer 11

mgh and Vit, where v = voltage, i = induced current, t = temperature

Question 12

Enthalpy(H)

Answer 12

Sum of internal energy and pressure volume work for a system

Question 13

Heat Engine and Heat Pump

Answer 13

Device which converts heat into work
Device which converts work into heat

Question 14

Entropy(s)

Answer 14

Direct measure of the degree of randomness or disorderness of a system

Question 15

Spontaneous and Non-Spontaneous Process

Answer 15

Spontaneous - Process which do not require an external agent
Non-Spontaneous - Process which require an external agent

Question 16

For spontaneous reaction conditions

Answer 16

ΔG<0, ΔSuniverse<0

Question 17

For non-spontaneous reaction conditions

Answer 17

ΔG>0, ΔSuniverse>0

Question 18

Thermochemistry

Answer 18

A chemical reaction in which along with reactants and products, an amount of energy absorbed or released is called thermochemistry.

Question 19

Heat of Formation

Answer 19

Amount of that evolved or absorbed when 1 mole of a product is obtained from its most stable, common occurring form of the element, is called as the heat of formation.

Question 20

Bond Energy

Answer 20

Amount of heat required convert one mole of gaseous molecule into constituent atoms is called as bond energy.

Question 21

Heat of Atomisation

Answer 21

Enthalpy change during the conversion of a molecule or atom into gaseous atoms

Question 22

What is heat of hydrogenisation?

Answer 22

Amount evolved during conversion of unsaturated hydro-carbon into saturated hydrocarbon is called heat of hydrogenisation.

Question 23

α-hydrogen

Answer 23

Hydrogen atoms present on the carbon directly attached with the double-bonded carbon atom

Question 24

What is heat of solution?

Answer 24

Enthaly changes when one mole of a solute is dissolved more than solvent

Question 25

Integral Heat of Solution

Answer 25

Enthalpy changes when one mole of a solute is dissolved in a given amount of water

Question 26

Heat of Dilution

Answer 26

Enthalpy change during dilution of any solution

Question 27

Heat of hydration

Answer 27

Enthalpy change during the formation of a hydrated form of salt from its anhydrous form

Question 28

Heat of neutralisation

Answer 28

Enthalpy change during the neutralisation of 1 gram equivalent of a strong acid with 1 gram equivalent of a strong base

Question 29

Bomb Calorimeter

Answer 29

It is a device with which heat of combustion and neutralisation can be experimentally calculated.