Hydrogen and its Compounds

Question 1

Hydrogen has similar properties to which groups of the periodic table

Answer 1

Alkali metals - Electronic Configuration
Halogens - Non-metal and existence in diatomic state

Question 2

Occurrence of hydrogen in nature

Answer 2

Isotropic form = H1, H2, H3
Diatomic Form = Dihydrogen

Question 3

Lane’s Process

Answer 3

When steam is passed over iron for the production of hydrogen
Fe + H2O(steam)→Fe3O4 + H2

Question 4

Bosch’s Process

Answer 4

C+H2O→CO + H2O
When Coke and steam react with CO+H2O, then hydrogen is formed.

Question 5

Hydrogen formation when natural gas is used

Answer 5

Ch4+O2 → CO + H2
When CU2Cl2 and Ni react, then hydrogen is formed.

Question 6

Two types of dihydrogen

Answer 6

Ortho: whose dipole spin =0
Para: whose dipole sign is not equal to 0
Ortho is more relatively stable than para hydrogen

Question 7

Industrial method of preparing H2O2

Answer 7

1. From 2-ethyl anthraquonone
2. By electrolysis

Question 8

Tests for H2O2

Answer 8

1. Rxn with K2Cr2O7
   K2Cr2O7 + H2O2 + H2SO4→K2SO4 + CrO5(BLUE) + H2O→Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O
2. Starch Iodide Paper Test
   H2O2+I2→I3-
3. Rxn with Ti(SO4)2
   Ti(SO4)2 + H2O2→H2TiO4+H2SO4

Question 9

Uses of H2O2

Answer 9

1. Used to restore colours of old paintings
2. Used as a disinfectant because it reacts with bacteria and converts them

Question 10

Soap molecules are made up of

Answer 10

Sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids

Question 11

Hard waters are formed by

Answer 11

Bicarbonates, sulphates and chlorides of Calcium and Magnesium

Question 12

Soft waters forms what with soap

Answer 12

Lather

Question 13

Ways to remove temporary hardness

Answer 13

Physical Processes - Boiling
Chemical Processes - Clark’s Process

Question 14

Ways to remove permanent hardness

Answer 14

Physical - No process can remove permanent hardness
Chemical - 1. Soda’s Process/Washing Soda: Calcium reacting with sodium bicarbonates
2. Zeolite Process: Reacting with Sodium Zeolite(Na2Z)
3. Resin Method
4. Calgon’s Method: Reacting with Sodium HexaMeta Phosphate

Question 15

Different types of hydride

Answer 15

1. Ionic Hydrides/Salt-like hydrides: Crystalline and colourless compounds
2. Covalent Hydrides/Non-metallic: Elements of p-block except noble gases
3. Metallic Hydrides: Elements of d-block