General Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Types of electron displacement effect

Answer 1

1. Inductive Effect
2. Resonance Effect
3. Hyper Conjugation Effect
4. Electromeric Effect

Question 2

Inductive effect

Answer 2

Partial displacement of electrons in which partial charges will be developed and it is also distance-dependent

Question 3

Types of inductive effect

Answer 3

+I effect = electron-donating effect
-I effect = electron taking effect

Question 4

What is the order of +I effect?

Answer 4

CH2->NH->O->COO->3° alkyl > 2°alkyl> 1°alkyl> CH3>T>D>H

Question 5

What is the order of -I effect?

Answer 5

NF3+>NR3+>NH3+.CH3+.NO2>CN>COH>COOH>F>Cl>Br>I> OR>OH>NH2>Ph>H

Question 6

Resonanting structure

Answer 6

Various structure obtained after doing resonance

Question 7

Resonance Hybrid

Answer 7

Actual structure of the compound is called as resonance hybrid

Question 8

What are the different types of conjugation?

Answer 8

1. Normal Conjugation - All the conjugated system
2. Extended Conjugation - If the conjugated system is repeated more than once, then it is called an extended conjugation
3. Cross Conjugation - If a molecule has 3 parts: A, B, and C such that A and B and A and C are in conjugation, but there is no conjugation between B and C, then the molecule is said to be exhibiting cross conjugation.

Question 9

Mesomeric Effect

Answer 9

The resonance of the functional group is called as mesomeric effect and generally, it is pπ-pπ resonance.

Question 10

What is the order of +m effect?

Answer 10

CH2->NH->O->NH2>OH>OR

Question 11

What is the order of -m effect?

Answer 11

CH2+>NH+>NO2>CN>CHO>COR

Question 12

Electron density of benzene ring and mesomeric resonance relation?

Answer 12

+m effect showing groups increase the electron density of the benzene ring and the -m effect showing groups decrease the electron density of the benzene ring.

Question 13

How is stability of carbocation decided?

Answer 13

Stability depends upon the number of α hydrogen.
No. of α hydrogen is equal to the total hyperconjugative structure.

Question 14

How is the stability of the carboanion decided?

Question 15

How is the stability of alkenes decided?

Answer 15

More the number of HC structure, more the stability of alkenes.

Question 16

Aromaticity conditions

Answer 16

Compounds should be planar and hybridisation of each atom should be sp2
It must be cyclic and they should have 4n+2 pi electrons

Question 17

Monocyclic compounts

Answer 17

All pi bonds can be included in the principle carbon chain

Question 18

Heterocyclic aromatic compound

Answer 18

Other than carbon, if any other atom is part of a cyclic ring and the compound is aromatic, then it is called as heterocyclic compounds

Question 19

Anti-aromatic compounds

Answer 19

These compounds follow all the conditions of aromaticity except for Huckel’s rule and hence have 4n pi electrons.

Question 20

Non-Aromatic Compounds

Answer 20

If one atom of a cyclic ring will be sp3 hybridised, then the compound will be non-aromatic.

Question 21

Annulenes

Answer 21

Cyclic compounds having conjugated double bonds are called annulenes.
The general formula is CnHn.

Question 22

What are the stabilities of free radical?

Answer 22

The electron donating group increases the stabilities of free radicals. All the donating effects increase the stability.

Question 23

What is the basic strength of the amines in the presence of H2O and in gas phase?

Answer 23

2>1>3(PRESENCE OF WATER)
3>2>1(IN GAS PHASE)

Question 24

Bredt’s rule

Answer 24

In the case of fused bicyclo compounds, the positive charge on the bridge head carbon atom is highly unstable or the hybridisation of a bridge head carbon can never be sp2.

Question 25

Heat of Hydrogenation and the factor it depends upon

Answer 25

Amount of heat generated when unsaturated hydrocarbon is converted into saturated hydrocarbon.
It is inversely proportional to the stability of alkene and directly proportional to pi bonds.

Question 26

Heat of Combustion and the factor it depends upon

Answer 26

Amount of heat liberated when a hydrocarbon is burned in the presence of an excess of oxygen.
It is inversely proportional to the stability of the compound and directly proportional to the number of carbon.