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Hydrocarbon Flashcards

1
Q

Organometallic + Electronegative element

A

Alkanes
Grignard Reagents

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2
Q

General Formula of Alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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3
Q

Alkyl Halide + LiAlH4, NaBH4, Ph3SnH, ZnHCl

A

Alkanes

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4
Q

Alkenes + Ni, Pd, Pt /H2

A

Alkanes
Hydrogenation

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5
Q

Alkenes + (Ph3P)3RhCl

A

Alkanes
Wilkinson’s Reaction

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6
Q

Alkenes + B2H6/Ch3COOH

A

Alkanes
Hydrogenation
Hydrazene + H2O2 is also used.

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7
Q

Alkynes + Ni, Pd, Pt /H2

A

Alkanes

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8
Q

Carbonyl Compounds + Zn-Hg, HCl

A

Alkanes
Clemmenson’s Reduction

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9
Q

Carbonyl Compounds + NH2-NH2, KOH

A

Alkanes
Wolf Kishner Reduction

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10
Q

R-X + 2Na + R-X + Dry Ether

A

Alkanes
Wurtz’s Reaction
Cannot be used for unsymmetrical alkanes or alkanes having an odd no of carbon atoms

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11
Q

Alkyl Halide + (Ch3)2CuLi

A

Alkanes
Corey House Synthesis
Dialkyl Copper Lithium Guimann’s Reagent/ Corey House Reagent

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12
Q

R-X + Zn + R-X + Dry Ether

A

Alkanes
Frankland Reactions
Cannot be used for unsymmetrical alkanes or alkanes having odd no of carbon atoms

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13
Q

Chloro Benzene + 2Na + Ch3Cl + Dry Ether

A

Toluene
Wurtz Fittig Reactions

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14
Q

2Chloro Benzene + 2Na + Dry Ether

A

Biphenyl
Fittig Reactions

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15
Q

2Iodo Benzene +Cu/Heat

A

Biphenyl
Ullmann’s Reactions

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16
Q

CH3COONa +Electricity

A

Alkanes+CO2
Kolbe’s Electrolysis
Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and Cyclo Alkanes can be prepared. Anti-aromatic and non aromatic dimerise.

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17
Q

Ch4 + Cl2

A

CCl4
Halogenations
0 activation Energy

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18
Q

Alkane + NO2

A

R-NO2
Nitration
All CC and HH bonds can be broken to form the product.

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19
Q

Alkane+H2SO4

A

R-SO3H
Sulphonation
Highest C will be replaced by SO3H

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20
Q

Iso-Alkane+AlCl3/ △

A

Neo Alkane
Isomerisation

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21
Q

n-Hexane +Al2O3/△

A

Benzene
Aromatisation

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22
Q

C5H12+△

A

Alkanes less than Pentane
Pyrolysis
Strong Heating

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23
Q

RCOOAg + Br2/CCL4

A

R-Br + AgBr+Co2
Hunsdieker Reactions
In the presence of I2, esters are a major product

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24
Q

Alkynes+Pt, Ni / H2

A

Alkene, Alkane
If taken 1 equivalent of the reagent, then alkene is formed, otherwise alkane.

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25
Q

Alkynes+ H2/Pd-BaSo4(Quonone)

A

Cis Alkene
Lindlar’s Reagent

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26
Q

Alkynes +Ni/Bh2, NiB2H2

A

Cis Alkene
P2-catalyst

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27
Q

Alkynes+Li/Nh3, Na/Nh3

A

Trans Alkene

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28
Q

Benzene + Na/NH3, C2H5OH

A

1,4-cyclohexadiene
Birch Reduction of Aromatic Compounds
Stable → Unstable

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29
Q

Alkenes +HBr/CCl4

A

Alkyl Halide
Electrophilic Addition
Rate of Reactions ∝ Stability of Carbocation

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30
Q

CH3CHCH2+H2O

A

Ch3CHOHCH3
Addition of H2O

31
Q

R-CN+H2O/H+

A

RCOOH
Nucleophilic Addition

32
Q

R-CN+LiAlH4

A

1 Amine
Reduction

33
Q

R-NC + LiAlH4

34
Q

Alkene + HBr/ROOR

A

Alkane-Br
Free Radical Addition

35
Q

Alkyl Halide+ H2O/△

A

Alkene
Unimolecular Elimination
Endothermic Reaction

36
Q

CH3CH2OH+ H2SO4/△

A

Alkene
Dehydration of Alcohol
Type of E1 elimination

37
Q

R-COOH + NaOH/CaO

A

Alkane
De-Carboxylation
Rate of Reactions ∝ Stability of Carboanion

38
Q

Carbonyl Compounds + Mg,Al/Hg/H20

A

Pinacole
Pinacole Rxn
2 moles of carbonyl compounds

39
Q

Pinacole+H2SO4(conc.)

A

Pinacolone
Pinacole-Pinacolone Rxn

40
Q

1 alcohol, 2 Alcohol, 3 Alcohol + Cu/300C

A

Aldehydes, Ketone, Alkene
Oxidation of Alcohols
Pyridinium Chloro Chromate is also used as an oxidising agent. 3 Alcohol does not react with this agent.

41
Q

Semi Pinacole+HNO3

A

Pinacolone
Semi Pinacole Pinacolone
Semi Pinacole- Hydroxyl Group and a NH2

42
Q

Alkyl Halide+Any Strong Base(Alc.KOH)

A

Alkene
Dehydrohalogenation
CAT and TAE

43
Q

1 Alkyl Halide + Alc. KOH/△
1 Alkyl Halide Alc. KOH(SN2)

A

Alkene
Ether

44
Q

Alkyl Halide + KCN

A

Alkyl Cyanides
Dehalogenation
Increase the number of carbon in the principal chain

45
Q

Vicinal Dihalides + Zn/Heat, NaI/Acetone

A

Alkene
Dehalogenation of Vicinal Dihalides

46
Q

R-COOH +Ca(OH)2

A

Ca+2 salts of COOH acid
Dry Distillation

47
Q

Ca+2 salts of COOH acid+ △

A

RCOR + CaCO3
Dry Distillation

48
Q

Alkyl Halide+ NH3/NH2R/NR3

A

1,2,3 Amine
Hoffmann’s Alkylation

49
Q

Ester + △

A

Alkene+ ROOH
Pyrolysis of Ether

50
Q

Xanthate + △

A

Alkene + COS+SHMe
Pyrolysis of Xanthate

51
Q

Conjugate Dienes + Br2/CCl4

A

1,2 Addition and 1,4 addition
Halogenation of conjugate dienes

52
Q

Ch3ChCh2 + HOBr(Br2 + H2O)

A

Ch3chohch2br
Bromine water test

53
Q

Ch3ChCh2 + NoBr

A

Ch3ChBrCh2No

54
Q

Ch3ChCh2 + Mercuric Acetate

A

Ch3Chohch3
Oxymercuration and Demercuration

55
Q

Ch3ChCh2 + B2H6/H2O2

A

Tetra Hydro Furane
Hydroboration Oxidation

56
Q

Alkene+O3/Zn, H2O

A

Aldehyde and Ketone
Reductive Ozonolysis

57
Q

Alkene + O3/H2O

A

Carboxylic Acid and Ketone
Oxidative Ozonolysis

58
Q

Alkene+Cold Alkaline KMnO4

A

Syn Glycol
Bayer’s Reagent Test

59
Q

Alkene+ Hot Acidified KMno4

A

Carboxylic Acid
Bayer’s Reagent Test
Alkene gets converted into aldehyde in the presence of hot acidified KMnO4 and then converts into a carboxylic acid, whereas, in the presence of hot acidified KMnO4, ketones cannot easily undergo oxidation to form a carboxylic acid.

60
Q

Aldehyde+ Hot Acidified KMno4

A

Carboxylic Acid
Bayer’s Reagent Test

61
Q

Alkynes+HgSO4, H2SO4

A

Enol, Keto
Hydration of Alkynes
Acetylene is the only alkyne that forms aldehyde, remaining all forms ketones

62
Q

Alkynes+HBO

A

Aldehydes and Ketones
Hydroboration Oxidation
Terminal Alkynes - Aldehydes, Internal Alkynes - Ketones

63
Q

Free Radicals

A

Electron definition neutral spcies having sp2 hybridisation

64
Q

What is the rate of halogens?

A

F2>Cl2>Br2>I2

65
Q

What are the types of elimination reactions?

A

1,1 elimination
1,2 elimination
1,3 elimination

66
Q

1,1 elimination

A

When two atoms or groups are eliminated from the same carbon atom, then it is 1,1 elimination.

67
Q

1,2 elimination

A

When two atoms or groups are eliminated from adjacent carbon atoms, then it is called 1,2 elimination.

68
Q

1, 3 elimination

A

When two atoms or groups are eliminated from 1st and 3rd carbon atom, then it is called 1,3 elimination.

69
Q

What are the types of 1,2 elimination?

A

Unimolecular Elimination(E1)
Bimolecular Elimination (E2)
Unimolecular Conjugate Base Elimination(E1CB)
Intra-molecule elimination(Ei)

70
Q

Saytzeff’s Product and Huffman’s Product

A

Greater number of hydrogen and Lesser number of hydrogen

71
Q

Types of E1CB eliminaion

A

Hoffmann’s Alkylation

72
Q

Types of Ei elimination

A

Pyrolysis of esters
Pyrolysis of xanthate
Cope Elimination

73
Q

How many ways can be used to test alkynes?

A
  1. Bayer’s reagent test
  2. Bromine Water Test
  3. Tollen’s reagent and Silver mirror test

Chemistry (16 decks)

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