Thermochemistry Flashcards
A system undergoes a ___ when one or more of its properties changes, such as __ ___ or ___
process, volume, temperature, pressure
a form of energy that can easily transfer to or from a system due to a temperature difference between the system and its surroundings
heat
property of a material that describes how much energy it takes to raise its temperature
specific heat capacity
When a substance is in its most stable form in standard conditions
standard state
the enthalpy change that occurs if one mole of a compound is formed directly from its elements in their standard states
standard heat of formation
the enthalpy change that occurs when the reaction is carried out under standard conditions
standard heat of reaction
Law that states that if a reaction is broken own into individual steps, the overall enthalpy is the sum of the enthalpies for each step
Hess’s law
___ ___ __ is the energy required to break a specific chemical bond in ___ ___ of gaseous molecules. Since it takes energy to pull two atoms apart, bond breaking is always ____, and bond formation is always ___.
bond dissociation energy, 1 mole, endothermic, exothermic
the enthalpy for a reaction can be calculated by the number of bonds ___ minus the number of bonds ____. Bond dissociation enthalpies are always ___.
broken, formed, positive
At any given temperature, a ___ will have lower entropy than a ___, and the latter will have lower entropy than a ____. ____ is the phase transition with the greatest entropy change
solid, liquid, gas, sublimation
It is possible for entropy to increase in a ___ part of the system, as long as there is an accompanying increase in entropy elsewhere in the system, A system reaches maximum entropy at ____, a state in which no __ __ takes place as time goes on. For a reversible process, Suniverse is ___.
isolated, equilibrium, observable change, zero
Delta G represents the maximum amount of _____ ___, or __ __ by a process occurring at constant temperature and pressure. In the equilibrium state, gibbs free energy is at a ____. However, the rate of a reaction depends on the ___ __ not on gibbs free energy.
energy released, work done, minimum, activation energy
When enthalpy and entropy oppose each other, the reaction is said to be ______.
temperature dependent
