Solutions

Question 1

Homogenous mixtures of substances that combine to form a single phase, generally the liquid phase

Answer 1

solutions

Question 2

If two substances are already in the same ____, the solvent is the compound present in ___ quantity. Solute molecules move about __ in the solvent and can interact with other ___ or ___, consequently, chemical reactions occur ___ in solution

Answer 2

phase, greater, freely, molecules, ions, easily

Question 3

The interaction between solute and solvent molecules

Answer 3

solvation / dissolution

Question 4

Interaction between solute and water

Answer 4

hydration

Question 5

Solvation is possible when the ___ __ between solute and solvent are ___ than those between the ___ particles

Answer 5

attractive forces, stronger, solvent

Question 6

the maximum amount of substance that can be dissolved in a particular solvent at a particular temperature

Answer 6

solubility

Question 7

When a dissolved solute comes out of solution and forms crystals

Answer 7

crystallization

Question 8

Solutions that contain more solute than found in a saturated solution; formed by manipulating temperature or pressure

Answer 8

supersaturated solution

Question 9

Solutes that make conductive solutions

Answer 9

electrolytes

Question 10

Examples of strong electrolytes include ___ ___ such as NaCl and ___, and molecular compounds with highly ___ __ bonds that dissociate into ions when dissolved, such as _____, in water.

Answer 10

ionic compounds, KI, polar covalent, HCl

Question 11

A weak electrolyte, ____ or ___ incompletely in aqueous solution, and only some of the solute is present in ___ form. Examples include ___ ___ and other weak acids, ___, and other weak bases, and ____.

Answer 11

ionizes, hydrolyzes, ionic, acetic acid, ammonia, HgCl2

Question 12

Nonelectrolytes do not ionize at all in aqueous solutions and retain their __ ___. They include many ___ __ and ___ __ such as oxygen and sugar

Answer 12

molecular structure, nonpolar gasses, organic compounds

Question 13

the mass of the solute divided by the mass of the solution

Answer 13

percent composition by mass

Question 14

the number of moles of the compound divided by the total number of moles of all species within the system

Answer 14

mole fraction

Question 15

the number of moles of solute per litre of solution

Answer 15

molarity

Question 16

The number of moles of solute per kg of solvent

Answer 16

molality

Question 17

the number of gram equivalent weights of solute per liter of solution; equals molarity x equivalents/mol

Answer 17

normality

Question 18

For dilutions, the concentration after can be determined by the equation

Answer 18

MiVi = M2V2

Question 19

All salts of __ ___ ___ are water soluble, as well as all salts of the ___ ion.

Answer 19

alkali metal ions, NH4+

Question 20

All salts with ___, ___ and ___ ions are water soluble, with the exception of salts containing ____ ___ ___

Answer 20

chloride, bromide, iodine, Ag, Pb, Hg

Question 21

All salts of the ___ ion are water soluble withe the exception of those containing __, ___, ____ and ___

Answer 21

SO4, Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb

Question 22

All __ ___ are insolubles, with the exceptions of __ __ __, and ___, __ and ___, all of which hydrolyze to form solutions of the corresponding metal _____.

Answer 22

metal oxides, alkali metal oxides, CaO, SrO, BaO, hydroxides

Question 23

All _____ are insoluble, with the exception of ___ ___ ___ and ___ ___ and ____

Answer 23

hydroxides, alkali metal hydroxides, CaOH2, SrOH2, BaOH2

Question 24

All salts with ___, ___, ____, and _____ are insoluble with the exception of those that contain alkali metals or ammonium

Answer 24

CO3, PO4, S, SO3