Liquids and Solids

Question 1

liquids and solid phases have smaller volume relative to gases and are referred to as

Answer 1

condensed phases

Question 2

The degree to which two liquids can mix

Answer 2

miscibility

Question 3

mixtures of discrete particles too small to be seen distinctly

Answer 3

emulsion

Question 4

a solid with no ordered 3D arrangement, but still molecules fixed in place

Answer 4

amorphous solid

Question 5

ionic solids are aggregates of positively and negatively charged ____. There are no __ __. ionic solids have high __ __, ___ __, and poor ___ ___ in the solid phase. This is due to the compounds’ strong __ __, which also cause the ions to be relatively ____.

Answer 5

ions, discrete molecules, melting points, boiling points, electrical conductivity, electrostatic interactions, immobile

Question 6

Metallic solids consist of metal atoms ___ ___ as closely as possible, Metallic solids have high melting and boiling points as a result of their strong __ ____. Pure metallic structures (consisting of a single element), are usually described as layer of _____ of roughly similar radii

Answer 6

packed together, covalent attractions, spheres

Question 7

the smallest repeating units that compose the larger crystalline structure; each point is the same ion or atom

Answer 7

unit cells

Question 8

the amount of heat needed to change the phase of 1kg of substance

Answer 8

latent heat of transformation

Question 9

the pressure that the gas exerts over the liquid

Answer 9

vapor pressure

Question 10

the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the external pressure

Answer 10

boiling point

Question 11

Whereas pure crystals have ___ __ ___, amorphous solids such as glass, tend to melt over a ___ __ of temperatures due to their ____ ____ ____

Answer 11

distinct melting points, larger range, less-ordered molecular distribution

Question 12

In general, the gas phase is found at high ___ and low ___

Answer 12

temperature, pressure

Question 13

In general, the solid phase is found at ___ temperature, and ____ pressure

Answer 13

low, high

Question 14

the liquid phase is found at ___ temperature and ____ pressure

Answer 14

high, high

Question 15

Colligative properties are physical properties derived solely from the ____ of ____ present, not the ___ of those particles. These properties are usually associated with _____ _____

Answer 15

number, particles, nature, dilute solutions

Question 16

Solute particles interfere with the process of ____ ___ that occurs during freezing. Thus the solute particles lower the __ ____, or the temperature at which the molecules can align themselves into a ___ ___.

Answer 16

crystal formation, freezing point, crystalline structure

Question 17

the number of particles that dissociate from the original molecule

Answer 17

van’t hoff factor, i

Question 18

If the vapor pressure of a solution is ___ than that of the pure solvent, ___ ___ and consequently a higher temperature, will be required before its vapor pressure equals __ ___.

Answer 18

lower, more energy, atmospheric pressure

Question 19

___ and osmotic pressure are directly proportional. Thus, the osmotic pressure depends only on the ___ of solute, not its identity

Answer 19

molarity, amount

Question 20

When a solute is added to a pure solvent, the __ __ of the pure solvent ____. Raoult’s law describes ___ ___, meaning the attraction between molecules of different components in the mixture is equal to the attraction between the molecules of any one component in its ___ ___. The vapor pressure decrease is equal to the ___ ___ of the solute in the solvent, multiplied by the ___ __ of the pure solvent

Answer 20

vapor pressure, decreases, ideal solutions, pure state, mole fraction, vapor pressure