Gases Flashcards
Gas molecules have very weak __ __, allowing gases to both ___ and change ___ to fill and take the shape of their containers.
intermolecular forces, flow, volume
An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas whose molecules have no __ ___ and occupy no ___. Under conditions of low ___ and high ____, many gases behave in nearly ideal fashion
intermolecular forces, volume, pressure, temperature
The law that says a given gaseous sample at isothermal conditions will have a constant product of pressure and volume
boyle’s law
States that at constant pressure, the quotient of the volume and temperature of gas is constant
charles law
Law that says for all gases at a constant temperature and pressure the volume of the gas will be directly proportional to the number of moles of gas present.
avogadro’s principle
One mole of an ideal gas under STP conditions has a volume of _____ L
22.4
As the pressure of a gas increases, the particles are pushed closer together, and the ___ ___ for a given temperature is approached. This makes the ___ _____ ____ become more and more significant until the gas condenses into a liquid state. At moderately high pressure, the volume of a gas is ___ than would be predicted by the ideal gas law.
condensation pressure, intermolecular attraction forces, larger
As the temperature of a gas is decreased, the ___ ___ of the gas molecules decreases and the attractive intermolecular forces become significant. As the ____ ____ is approached for a given pressure, intermolecular attractions eventually cause the gas to _____ into a liquid state, and the attractions cause the gas to have a ___ volume than would be predicted by the ideal gas law. The closer the temperature of a gas is to its ___ ___, the less ideal is its behavior
average velocity, condensation temperature, condense, smaller, boiling point
the pressure exerted by each individual gas
partial pressure
states that the total pressure of a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components
dalton’s law of partial pressures
Assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory are that gases are made up of particles whose volumes are ____ compared to the container volume, the gas atoms or molecules are ____ and and exhibit no ___ ___ or ___, gas particles are in ___ __ motion, undergoing collisions with other particles and the container walls, collisions between any two gas particles are ____, meaning there is no overall gain or loss of energy, and the average kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to the ___ ___ of the gas and is the same for the gas and is the same for all gases at a given temperature
negligible, inert, intermolecular attraction, repulsion, continuous, random, elastic, absolute temperature
The _____ __ ___ shows the distribution of speeds of gas particles at a given temperature. The ___ ___ of all gas particles can be related to the temperature, but the speed of an individual molecules is impossible to define
maxwell-boltzmann distribution, average soeed
____ of gases can provide a demonstration of random motion when the molecules of these gases mix with one another by virtue of their individual __ ___. Diffusion occurs when gas molecules move through a ____. The kinetic molecular theory of gases predicts that ____ gas molecules diffuse more slowly than ___ ones because of their differing ___ _____.
diffusion, kinetic properties, mixture, heavier, lighter, average speeds
Under isothermal and isobaric conditions, the rates at which two gasses diffuse are inversely proportional to the ___ __ of their ___ ___.
square root, molar masses
___ is the flow of gas particles under pressure from one compartment to another through a __ ____. For two gases at the same ___, the rates of effusion are proportional to the __ ___. They also have the same relationship to __ __ as that for diffusion
effusion, small opening, temperature, average speeds, molar mass