Acids and Bases Flashcards
Acids have a ___ taste. acids in aqueous solution can ____ ___. Nonoxidizing acids react with ___ to produce __ ___. It causes litmus paper to turn ___
sour, conduct electricity, metals, hydrogen gas, red
Bases have a ____ taste. Bases in aqueous solutions can __ __. They feel ___ to the touch, and cause litmus paper to turn ___.
bitter, conduct electricity, slippery, blue
Says that acids produces H+ in aqueous solution and bases form OH-
arrhenius definiton
defines acids as a species that donated protons and a base as a species that accepts protons
bronsted-lowry definition
Defines an acid as an electron pair acceptor and a base as an electron pair donor
lewis definition
Acids formed from anions whose names end in ide have the prefix ___ and the ending ____.
hydro, ic
Acids formed from oxyanions are called ____. If the anion ends its ___ (less oxygen) than the acid will end with ___ acid. If the anion ends in ___ (more oxygen), then the acid will end with ___ acid. Prefixes are retained.
oxyacids, ous, ate, ic
Strong acids examples
HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4, HCl
Strong bases example
NaOH, KOH, CaOH2, other soluble hydroxides of group IA and IIA metals
Calculation of the __ and ___ of strong acids and bases assumes __ __ of the acid or base in solution
pH, pOH, complete dissociation
The acid dissociation constant
ka = (H3O+)(A-)/(HA)
Base dissociation constant
kb = (B+)(OH) / (BOH)
the acid formed when a base gains a proton
conjugate base
formed when an acid loses a proton
conjugate base
The larger the ka /kb the ___ the acid / base. For strong acids and bases, the ka and kb are significantly larger than ___.
stronger, 1
For weak acids, you can assume the change in the initial concentration of the acid will be ____, because of the small ____.
negligible, dissociation
when acids and bases react with each other to form a salt and usually water
neutralization reaction
The salt formed during a neutralization reaction may ____ out or remain ____ in solution depending on its -__ and the amount produced. Neutralization reactions generally go to ____.
precipitate, ionized, solubility, completion
A reaction in which the salt ions react with water to give back the acid or base
hydrolysis
The product between a strong acid and strong base are a __ and ___. The conjugate acids and cases are so __ that they are inert and do not contribute to the ___ of the solution. The resulting solution is ____
salt, water, weak, pH, neutral
the product between a strong acid and weak base is a ___ but usually no water because weak bases are usually not ___. the ___ of the salt is the conjugate acid of a weak base, which will contribute to the pH. The combination of an __ ___ and __ __ ___ forms a slightly ___ solution
salt, hydroxides, cation, inert anion, weak acid cation, acidic
When a weak acid reacts with a strong base, the ___ product is inert and the anion product is a __ __. The resulting solution will be ___
cation, weak base, basic
species that can act as either an acid or base depending on its environment
amphiprotic
when the number of acid equivalents equals the number of base equivalents
equivalence point
the point at which the reaction is complete
end point
a solution consisting of a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt
buffer solution
The ____ ___ is used to estimate the pH of a solution in the buffer region where the concentrations of the species and its ___ are present in approximately ___ ___
henderson-hasselbalch equation, conjugate, equal concentrations
