therio final cats and dogs

Question 1

gold standard to describe canine phase of estrus

Answer 1

endocrinology

Question 2

bitch behavior

Answer 2

flags tail to right.

Question 3

bitch cytology

Answer 3

used to determind her place in cycle. testing bioassay of estrogen presence.

Question 4

cornification

Answer 4

progression of epithelial cell death from tissue thickening due to estrogen. look like corn-flake like, polygonal shaped. non cornified are circular, deeply stained nucleus.

Question 5

estrus cytology

Answer 5

in estrus, superficial pyknotic cells and intermediate cells and anuclear squamous cornflakes. in diestrus, PMNs. not normal to see during estrus. PMNs clear out foreign material diestrus is abrupt change to non cornified material. high progesterone. time parturition now.

Question 6

progesterone

Answer 6

estimates l4 peak and time of ovulation. differs in other species becasue no p4 prior to ovulation.

Question 7

bitch anatomy

Answer 7

abnormalities at junction of urethra and vagina like strictures or remnany hymens. pre-breeding exam done in estrus- on digital exam, feel crvix due to shape of tract. vaginoscopy will show pink, billowy cervix at proestrus and flat, loose crenated at estrus

Question 8

p4 levels

Answer 8

2-2.9= LH peak
4-10 = ovulation
>10= already ovulated.
breed bitch at 4 and 6 days after LH peak.

Question 9

2-2-2-2 rule

Answer 9

LH peak at 2-2.9 days. (day 0) ovulation 2 days later. breed two days later (day 4). breed another 2 days later

Question 10

LH canine

Answer 10

LH peak. abrupt and short. assumed 24 hours, can be less. occasionally 48. ovulation 24-48h later. used daily for very precise timing of LH peak and ovulation. useful with frozen semen because short window of time. used with p4 testing

Question 11

canine semen usages

Answer 11

fresh-immediately. cooled- 48hrs. frozen- long term, but decreased longevity

Question 12

bitch wheelbarrow

Answer 12

normal quality fresh or cooled semen. lift bitch’s hindlimbs to allow gravity to facilitate movement of semen down tract.

Question 13

endoscopic transcervical insemination TCI

Answer 13

intrauterine deposition. small amount needed because of close proximity to fert site. good for fresh/cooled/frozen. surgical is controversial. norwegian catheter for TCI without endoscope

Question 14

insemination dose

Answer 14

250 million PMMN. for vaginal AI. fresh or chilled. or 100 million PMMN for intrauterine AI. poor quality, frozen, lower doses

Question 15

gestation length

Answer 15

65d from LH peak, 57d from cytological diestrus. could be up to 72 days from random breeding. body temperature likely fall to 99 day before parturition

Question 16

bitch’s exam

Answer 16

early- PE, vaginal cytology, digital exam, vaginoscopy, brucellosis screen, HWP, p4 measurements. every 2-3 days recheck p4 levels and cytology. not miss LH surge and estrus. p4 confirm ovulation. check cytology every day for diestrus

Question 17

feline general

Answer 17

felines are induced ovulators. LH surge is stimulated by tom’s penile spines. ovulation about 24-48 hours later.

Question 18

feline mating

Answer 18

multiple mtings. 4/3, one mating every other hour. start 2 days after onset of estrus. estrus 8 days long. mating confirmed by queen’s after reaction of aggessive rolling licks perineum.

Question 19

queen behavior

Answer 19

– Multiple mating necessary for LH surge – Begin mating on estrus days 2 to 4 – Minimum 3 times daily – Four times in 2 h period, best ovulation – Queen’s after reaction • Vicious toward tom! & rolls, licks perineum

Question 20

feline ovulation induction

Answer 20

hCG. give day or day of prior to copulation. can do vaginal, transcervical or surgical AI.

Question 21

Canine BSE

Answer 21

history, diet, diseases, skin issues, medications. kennels, travel history, vaccines, brucella. heart worm. . estrus cycle history. estrus family history. was tie observed? male fertility? pregnancy history. pyometra? infections?

Question 22

canine bse problems

Answer 22

pyometra likely to reoccur. raw food is bad for diet, hypothyroidism yields poor results. some transmissable veneral tumors from traveling

Question 23

canine bitch reproductive exam

Answer 23

vulva (discharge? recessed? infantile?), vestibule, mammary glands, abdominal palpation. mammary glands susceptible to neoplasia. digital exam (vestible) most effective for diagnosing vaginal stricture. tissue bands (dystocia, mating problems, UTI), residual hymen, UTI.

Question 24

vulvar discharge

Answer 24

Normal reproductive: reproductive cycle, parturition,
postpartum
– Abnormal reproductive: pyometra, abortion, metritis,
hemorrhage, subinvolution of placental sites, estrogen
stimulation of various causes (follicular cysts, ovarian
remnant syndrome, iatrogenic)
– Miscellaneous: neoplasm, foreign body, urovagina,
uterine stump pathology, various urinary tract
pathologies, vaginitis with anatomic defects of vaginal
or vestibular vault, “puppy vaginitis”

Question 25

canine infertility

Answer 25

results from overgrowth of normal microflora. normal= Staph, Strep, E.coli,
Pasteurella, mycoplasma, ureaplasma. pre-breed culture if infertile case

Question 26

canine herpesvirus

Answer 26

mummified abortions, stillborns, premature delivery. very contagious. naive pregnant bitches at risk. kidney petecchia

Question 27

brucella

Answer 27

always path, never normal. zoonotic. rarely affects adults. male- orchitis, epididymitis, infertility. scrotal edema, semen abnormal. females- abortions, EED, early embryonic death. lymphadenomegaly, discospondylitis, lameness, ocular lesions.

Question 28

cycstic endometrial hyperplasia, CEH

Answer 28

caused by repeated estrus and diestrus. characteristic hyperplastic cysts. estrogen, then progesterone. more susceptible to pyometra and uterine thickening. endometrial cyst.

Question 29

ovarian cysts

Answer 29

secretory functions, commonly estrogen (follicular) and progesterone (luteal). can be Granulosa cell tumor. prolonged estrus or anestrus. only need p4 secretions to keep bitch in diestrus.

Question 30

ovarian cyst, luteal cyst

Answer 30

pgf2a. surgical

Question 31

ovarian cyst, follicular

Answer 31

hCG/GnRH, surgical

Question 32

GCT

Answer 32

myelosuppression, anemia, bone marrow suppression high estrogen release.

Question 33

canine cycle abnormalities

Answer 33

split heat (follicular wave, atresia, new follicular wave), prolonged estrus or diestrus >8 weeks, short interestrous interval (4 months min) anestrus, silent heat.

Question 34

intersex cocker spaniels

Answer 34

predisposed to intersex. xx- sex reversed male. male and female gonads. .

Question 35

feline infertility

Answer 35

Estrous cycle issues
• Mating issues
• Infections
• Anatomical
• Chromosomal / Genetic
test has felv and fiv tests

Question 36

cat estrus

Answer 36

can enter pregnant diestrus, pseudopregnant diestrus, and postestrus. go back and forth or enter anestrus. postestrus is low e2 levels between peaks correlated to estrus. e2 rises with corresponding follicular wave. seaosnally polyestrus, long day breeders. anestrus where not adequate light.

Question 37

anestrus

Answer 37

persistent anestrus from ovarian, photoperiod, behavior

Question 38

ovarian anestrus

Answer 38

spay or luteal cyst that continiously secrets p4. gct rare in cats

Question 39

gonad present

Answer 39

test for anti mullerian hormone AMH. glycoprotein in all mammals. ovarina granulosa cell secrete AMH. only in reproductive years. testicular sertoli releases AMH.

Question 40

behavioral anestrus

Answer 40

silent heat, spontaneous ovulation, no mating needed. diestrus pseudopreg. housing influence by other dominant queens

Question 41

persistent estrus

Answer 41

follicular cyst continuously secrets e2. failed pregnancy?

Question 42

normal cat estrous

Answer 42

does or doesn’t allow mating. if allow and not pregnant, could be tom infertility, failure to ovulate, anatomical defects

Question 43

hormonal diagnostics for cats

Answer 43

p4 rises post ovulation and is required for successful pregnancy. lack of rise post breeding = no ovulation. bioassay for prescence of e2. diestrus is period of p4 dominance.