small fluffy ruminants

Question 1

puberty

Answer 1

ram= 6 months ewe= 5-7months

buck=3 months, doe=5-7 (pygmy 2-3)

Question 2

estrous sheep baaaaaa

Answer 2

17 days, 24-36 hrs baaaaa

Question 3

estrus goat

Answer 3

21 days (12-36hrs)

Question 4

ovulation sheep baaaa

Answer 4

24-30hrs from onset

Question 5

ovulation goat

Answer 5

30-36hrs from onset

Question 6

optimal breeding time sheep baaaaaaa

Answer 6

end of estrus

Question 7

optimal breeding time goat

Answer 7

acceptance of buck and 12 hrs after (Twice)

Question 8

body weight

Answer 8

breeding based on body weight. 60-70% total BW. goal is 3 pregnancies in 2 years (twins better)

Question 9

breeding

Answer 9

small rums short day breeders. september-january.

Question 10

syncing the breeding

Answer 10

p4, ram effect, melatonin on pineal gland, lights. to get into cycle, start with mimicing diestrus phase. p4 mimics CL function, starts the diestrus mimic phase. CIDR or soaked sponge with p4.

Question 11

sheep breeding sync

Answer 11

cidr removed 12-14 days after insertion and injected with eCG. AI 55 hrs later. another option is to breed 50 hrs later, and again 10hrs after that

Question 12

goat breeding sync

Answer 12

pgf2a and eCG given 9 days after CIDR insertion, removed day 11. AI 44 hrs later. or breed 30 hrs after and again 18 hrs after.

Question 13

eCG

Answer 13

functions to stimulate follicle stimulation and ovulation

Question 14

ecg v. p4

Answer 14

to induce estrus- eCG. but if syncing, pgf used and no need for eCG because follicle already developing

Question 15

AI

Answer 15

progestagen vaginal devices. dont use with ram effect and melatonin because doesnt make sync.

Question 16

melatonin

Answer 16

advances breeding season by 4 weeks

Question 17

breeding management

Answer 17

Progestagen/progesterone impregnated vaginal devices
mimics corpus luteum function
Prostaglandin (PGF-2alpha)
tightens estrus
eCG (PMSG) injection is optional
enhancing prolificacy

Question 18

female anatomy

Answer 18

cervical rings. ewe tortuous, doe aligned.

Question 19

natural breeding

Answer 19

sheep need to be together for 27 days. goats for 32 days

Question 20

AI methods

Answer 20

different amounts of sperm. vaginal the most, laparascpoic the least. 400 mil, cervial 200 mil lap 20 mil

Question 21

indirect pregnancy diagnostics

Answer 21

no return to estrus or low p4 levels. doe is CL dependent, ewe has a luteo placental shift at 50 days

Question 22

ultrasound

Answer 22

transrectal at 17-60 days. trasnabdominal at 26 days to term. can detect cotyledons after 30 days. most accurate and commonly used dx tool. difficult to count feti after 90 days. radioogy best after 90 days can count feti 50 days after AI. ballottement after 100 days

Question 23

biomarkers

Answer 23

bioPRYN preg B specific protein >30 days, estrone sulfate, >50d, placental lactogene >60d`

Question 24

ewe gestation length

Answer 24

148 days and CL dependent until 55-6d. then placenta. induce parturition by glucocorticoids- mimics natural effects of parturition. pgf2a wont be effective because of placental progestagens

Question 25

doe gestation length

Answer 25

150 days and CL dependent whole time. induce parutrition by glucocorticoids of pgf2a. combination of both injections most effective

Question 26

epididymitis

Answer 26

major cause of infertility in rams. ascending infections bacterial. less immune function in younger aimals. brucella in rams. dx by palpation and seeing WBC in semen/urine. cull. put abx in feed for lambs. reportable

Question 27

balanoposthitis

Answer 27

pizzle rot.. sheep common. predisposed if castrated, high protein diet, high urea level, cornyebacterium. skin irritation, ulceration, necrosis. keep area clean, abx. low protein diet. remain sterile but with testosterone.

Question 28

false pregnancy of goats

Answer 28

large amount of uterine fluid with a CL. hydrometra, mucumetra, cloudburst. persistent CL on ovary. no cyclic activity. bioPRYN test neg cuz no pregnancy. give pgf2a to kill CL and oxytocin to expel fluid.

Question 29

pregnancy toxemia

Answer 29

negative energy balance from multiple feti present in pregnancy. decrease glucose utilization in brain (CNS signs). fat as energy source. Primary: unable to metabolize
enough nutrients
o Triplets, quadruplets, etc o Too thin or too fat
• Secondary: condition that reduces intake of nutrients
o Lameness o “Broken Mouth.” ketonuria, acidosis, dehydration, liver failure. good feeding management and IV glucose. give steroids to speed maturation and then c section

Question 30

vaginal prolapse

Answer 30

prepartum/late gestation. high estrogen. cull. retention device ewe saver, harness, buhner suture with umbilical tape or prolapse pin.

Question 31

hypocalcemia

Answer 31

common late gestation, heavily lactating. give calcium borogluconate

Question 32

ringwomb

Answer 32

cervix fails to dilate. leads to dystocia- c section, cull. hereditary

Question 33

30-30-30

Answer 33

dystocia. wait 30 minutes, check doe and provide assisted delivery after 30 minutes, wait 30 minutes for net kid. meconium is bad.

Question 34

dystocia

Answer 34

lateral flexion of head with carpal flexion of forelimb. posterior is okay. pull down at 45 degrees to follow natural path of birth canal. retained membrane at 12-18 hours. give pgf2a.

Question 35

uterine prolapse

Answer 35

post partum. normally not recur.

Question 36

infectious abortions

Answer 36

toxoplasma, enzootic, vibriosis, q fever, listeria, brucella, lepto, slamonella, neospora canis, blue tonue, border disease, cache valley disease, endotoxins

Question 37

toxoplasmosis

Answer 37

cat contamination feces. no abortion if infected prior to breeding. white necrotic foci on cotyledon. no changes in intercotyledonary space.

Question 38

Enzootic abortion of ewes

Answer 38

chlamydophila abortus. reportable. thickening or necrosis of cotyledon, intercotyledonary space. will not have white foci. aborted feti have congested livers with white necrotic feci. subq petecchiae. latent carries shed during estrus. ram can trasmit. cull. vx good

Question 39

vibriosis

Answer 39

campylobacter. MOST COMMON CAUSE ABORTION SHEEP. rare in goats. fetal stomach contents. nectrotic liver lesion. abx. ewe become immune. vx good.

Question 40

plant

Answer 40

veratrum californicum, locoweed, lupine, sudan plant. major birth defects