canine pregnancy

Question 1

p4

Answer 1

cannot be used as a way to determine pregnancy. CL dependent throughout term. p4 is high in diestrus whether or not you are pregnant.

Question 2

placenta

Answer 2

endotheliochorial, zonary, deciduate. marginal hematomas present. iron source for fetus. green pigment on placenta is uteroverdin. if seen , EMERGENCY. premature placental separation.

Question 3

palpation

Answer 3

fetus- 1 month after LH peak. harder after 35 days, vesicle elongates.

Question 4

ultrasound

Answer 4

useful at 3-4 weeks after LH peak. use bladder as landmark. not a vesicle. not useful in counting number of feti. heartbeat at 23-25d after LH peak. normal is >180bpm. stress decreases it. detect fetal death, mummification, fluid, pyometra, endometrial cysts, anembryonic sacs.

Question 5

relaxin

Answer 5

used for pregnancy diagnosis. produced by placenta. 21-22 days post breeding. check again in one week if not there initially. or check once 28d post LH peak

Question 6

radiographs

Answer 6

late gestation fro litter size. connecting skull to spine. calcify skulls at 45d post LH. dont go by enlarged uterus. can be pyometra not pregnancy. not definitive. teeth calcify at 63 days. not recommended at early because radiation and not useful. last week of gestation for count

Question 7

fibrinogen

Answer 7

detect pregnancy. elevated in pregnant bitches. also pyometra. not used in usa.

Question 8

parturition numbers

Answer 8

• 65 + 1 days post LH peak
• 57 + 1 days post DIESTRUS cytology
• 57-72 days from 1 breeding
• Generally, within 1 day – body temp fall
to 99F

Question 9

safe medications

Answer 9

• A probably safe
• B “safe if used cautiously”
• C some risks; risk/benefit ratio for use
• D contraindicated (testosterone)
• X absolutely contraindicated

Question 10

physiological changes of pregnancy

Answer 10

Normocytic normochromic anemia
– Increased plasma volume
• Seen in both bitches & queens
• Increased total protein
– acute phase/fibrinogen
• Energy homestasis
– gestational diabetes mellitus (progesterone inhibits insulin) & ketosis potential

Question 11

vaccines

Answer 11

no live vaccines given if pregnant. continue with HWP and tick prevention.

Question 12

nutrition

Answer 12

maintendance diet to 3rd trimester, then switch to puppy food to support growth of fetus and lactation. NO CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS. NO RAW DIETS. infections.

Question 13

hypoluteoidism

Answer 13

p4 supplements to maintain pregnancy. discontinue before parturition. dont use in early gestration- promites masculinization. recheck for fetal viability and p4 levels

Question 14

canine herpes virus

Answer 14

kidney pettechiae is pathognomonic. lethal to bitch in 3 week pre and post partum. mummy, abortion, stillborn, premature.

Question 15

cat gestation length

Answer 15

65-67 days

Question 16

Cat pregnancy

Answer 16

CL dependent to term. p4 not used for pregnancy dx. relaxin stimulate prolactin release, which is luteotrophic. prolactin reliable pregnancy diagnose in blood and urine at 28 days. longer pregnany diestrus than non pregnant. queens docile and mammary glands change at 3 weeks.

Question 17

palpate for cats

Answer 17

> 2 week.s ultrasound at 2.5 weeks post mating. heartbeat 16d.

Question 18

diagnostic test cat pregnancy

Answer 18

relaxin at 28 days, serum and urine

Question 19

radiology for cats

Answer 19

After 38-43 days gestation to see
calcification, skull & other parts
• Fetal molars calcify at 56-63 days
• Crown rump length to estimate gestational
age

Question 20

cat nutrition

Answer 20

normal maitenance first month, 1.5x maitendance second month, 2x maitenance last month. important to have taurine.

Question 21

mammary gland hypertrophy

Answer 21

young queens, not all glands. p4 influlence- diestrus. luteolysis with pgf2a, spay-flank incisions.