canine obstretics

Question 1

1-2 weeks before parturition/predicting parturition

Answer 1

clear/tan vulvular discharge, nesting behaviour. anorexiz, panting, mammary development. temp drop 1 degree day before due to metabolism change. p4 drops to less than 2, and prolactin increases

Question 2

predicting parturition

Answer 2

radiographs show progressive ossification. ultrasound shows organs, GI, peristalsis.

Question 3

parturition

Answer 3

preparation, fetal expulsion, placental passage

Question 4

puppy care

Answer 4

at birth, stimulate to breath by rubbing and drying it. ensure colostrum for passive transfer. if fail use maternal serum. dystocia common in small, squatty dogs. bulldogs, terriers.

Question 5

stages of parturition

Answer 5

1=

Question 6

dystocia

Answer 6

frank vulvular hemorrhage. green vulvular discharge before pups. uterine inertia- inability for uterus muscles to contract, even with oxytocin. primary-hypocalcemia-calcium glutonate? secondary-obstructive dystocia-surgery. inadequate birth canal size, strictures, vaginal septae. fetal oversize. uterine torsion or rupture. dont give oxytocin with obstruction. discontinue after 3 doses.

Question 7

assist vaginal delivery

Answer 7

dont pull limbs. correct positioning. clean and lubricated.

Question 8

c section anesthesia

Answer 8

ketamine, methoxyflurane, xylazine, acepromazine. poor fetal outcome. pre-oxygenate the bitch preoxygenates teh feti. if puppy is yellow, brown, it is meconium. aspiration pneumonia. get all pups out. milk uterus. dont tear placenta unless easy. close uterus and give oxytocin to expel, usually. 1-2 days before end of gestation, when p4 levels drop. fetal hr must be over 180bpm

Question 9

corticosteroids

Answer 9

end of gestation for fetal maturation. prednisolone, dexmethasone

Question 10

neonate resuscitation

Answer 10

no swinging the puppy. ensure puppy is dry and warm. vigorous rubbing to get breathing.

Question 11

ABCDD

Answer 11

airway, breathing, circulation, drugs (Dextros, doxapram, ep), dry and warm

Question 12

neonate exam

Answer 12

cleft palate, limbs, toes, functional anus, umbilical hernia, gender

Question 13

uterine involution

Answer 13

3 months post partum. lochia (discharge) is common, no order. min 4 months between estrus cycles.

Question 14

agalactia

Answer 14

lack of milk production or milk letdown. nutrition– needs 2.5-4x maitenance

Question 15

postpartum depressed bitch

Answer 15

mastitis, check mammary glands. swollen, hot, painful. ecoli, etc. acute puerperal metritis is an emergency- agressive treatment. OHE. check lochia color and quality

Question 16

hypocalcemia

Answer 16

eclampsia, puerperal tetany. smaller dogs. cns signs and possible death. 1-4 weeks post partum.

Question 17

sub involution of placental sites

Answer 17

fetal tissues remain attached to uterus. can cause some irritation/bleeding. prolonged bloody vulvular discharge. may result in anemia. cytology can show retained trophoblastic cells.

Question 18

feline dystocia

Answer 18

rare. more common in devon rex. brachy breeds. uterine prolapse requires surgery.