Therapy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

psychoanalysis

A
  • based on Freud
  • through free-association, dreams, etc., the therapist and patient gain insight and express previously repressed feelings
  • “laying on a couch”
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2
Q

transference

A

when a patient “transfers” their unresolved feelings about someone onto the therapist (ex: “you’re too demanding, just like my mother”)

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3
Q

psychodynamic therapy

A
  • influenced by Freud
  • focuses on themes across relationships and looking into childhood experiences
  • difficult to tell how effective it is as it is hard to test unconscious drives
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4
Q

humanistic therapies

A
  • emphasizes people’s potential for self-growth
  • self-awareness and self-acceptance
  • focuses on the present/future, conscious thoughts, taking responsibility, and growth
  • uses term “clients” instead of “patients” in order to reduce stigma
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5
Q

active listening

A
  • (idea of how therapists should behave)
  • paraphrase
  • invite clarification
  • reflect feelings
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6
Q

client-centered therapy (person-centered therapy)

A

focuses on:
* self-concept vs reality
* unconditional acceptance
* active listening from therapist
* patient should ultimately determine course of therapy

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7
Q

self-help and support groups

A

came from humanist perspective; revolutionary when they were first starting out

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8
Q

behavior therapies

A

applies learning principles (reinforcement, punishment, contingencies)

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9
Q

counterconditioning

A

exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

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10
Q

exposure therapies (Mary Cover Jones)

A

overcome fear and anxiety by breaking the pattern of avoidance
* systematic densensitization
* virtual reality
* flooding

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11
Q

aversive conditioning

A

pairing a bad habit with a “punishment”
ex: alcohol and poisoning - mixing small amount of poison in alcohol makes person sick, person associates sick feeling with alcohol and no longer wants to drink it

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12
Q

systematic desensitization (Joseph Wolpe)

A
  • person masters relaxation techniques and creates “anxiety hierarchy”
  • then are gradually exposed to what they fear in a controlled environment
    ex: person can think of a spider and relax, then they can look at a picture of a spider, then look at a video of a spider, etc
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13
Q

flooding

A

the person is fully exposed to their fear in a harmless and controlled situation

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14
Q

token economy

A

person receives a reward for good behavior in the form of a token; they can exchange those tokens for real-life rewards

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15
Q

cognitive therapies

A
  • thinking influences our feelings
  • so how do we change our feelings…?
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16
Q

cognitive-behavioral-therapy (CBT)

A
  • most studied and commonly used to treat psychological disorders
  • as effective as drugs in anxiety treatment
17
Q

types of CBT

A
  • rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
  • cognitive therapy
18
Q

rational-emotive therapy (REBT) (Albert Ellis)

A
  • disorders are the result of illogical beliefs and assumptions
  • pointing out inappropriate beiefs can allow patients to alter behaviors
19
Q

cognitive restructuring

A

patient modifies, challenges, or replaces their previous beliefs (ex: “i got a 2 on my AP exam so my future is gone”)

20
Q

awfulizing

A
  • technique used in REBT
  • therapis exaggerates the patient’s negative thinking until the person sees it as irrational
    (ex: “you’re right, because your partner broke up with you, no one will ever love you”)
21
Q

cognitive therapy (Aaron Beck)

A

based on the cognitive triad

22
Q

cognitive triad

A

negative thoughts about:
* self
* the world
* the future
(all are examples of cognitive disortions)

23
Q

catastrophizing

A

blowing the actual problem out of proportion (ex: “i didn’t get into my first choice college so my life is over”)

24
Q

all-or-none thinking

A

ex: “he never texted me back; i must be a total loser”

25
Q

personalization

A

ex: “the teacher didn’t call on me because she hates me”

26
Q

group & family therapies

A

helps people realize their problems are not unique

27
Q

biomedical perspective

A

idea that disorders can be traced to genetics or the physical structure of the brain

28
Q

what are examples of alternative therapies ?

A
  • eye-movement
  • bee stings
  • trepanation
  • light exposure
29
Q

antipsychotic drugs

A
  • calms patients
  • block dopamine receptor sites (excess dopamine is linked to schizophrenia)
30
Q

antianxiety drugs

A
  • depress nervous system activity
  • ex: xanax
31
Q

antidepressant drugs

A
  • increase serotonin (prozac) (SSRIs)
  • used to treat anxiety as well as depression
  • lithium carbonate (treat bipolar disorder)
  • aerobic exercise is usually as effective
32
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A
  • works especially in treating depression
  • results in seizures and short-term memory loss
33
Q

lobotomy

A

surgical operant involving incision into the prefrontal lobe of the brain, formerly used to treat mental illness