Memory Flashcards
memory
the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
flashbulb memory
memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
information processing model
- encoding - memory in
- storage - retaining memory
- retrieval - getting it back out
multi-store model
memory is processed in three stages
1. sensory memory
2. short-term memory (STM)
3. long-term memory (LTM)
sensory memory
very brief; less than a second to several seconds
* iconic memory
* echoic memory
iconic memory
momentary photographic memory (ex: circle of light when using firework sparkles)
echoic memory
sounds that are remembered for 3-4 seconds
hepatic memory
remembering touch for less than 1 second
short-term memory
- about 30 seconds
- vulnerable to disruptions and interference
- conscious, active processing takes place
long-term memory
- stored forever
- must have some importance to the individual
- must be encoded
semantic encoding
using context to involve a deeper level of processing
automatic processing
unconscious encoding of indicidental information
space
you’ve know where you’ve been
time
sequence of events
frequency
how many times things have happened
implicit memories
memories we retain without conscious effort and awareness; non-declarative
selective attention
focusing on something deliberately
deep processing
combining elaborative encoding with a meaningful analysis of ideas being learned
state-dependent memories
if someone is in a certain state of consciousness when they learn something, they often remember that information better when in the same state of consciousness
mood dependent memories
recall better when in the same mood as when we learned the information
rosy retrospection
recalling events more positively than we experienced them
tip of the tongue phenomenon
knowing something, but not able to say it out loud
déjà vu
feels as though you have been presented with this situation before