Theories of Learning Flashcards
Classical Conditioning (Pavlov, 1902)
Pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus that produces an unconditioned response = conditioned stimulus and conditioned response (dogs) - called acquisition
Operant Conditioning (Skinner, 1938)
Behaviours are strengthened/weakened based on outcomes (rats)
Operant Conditioning Model
Antecedent - stimulus triggering an action (hunger), behaviour - carrying out the action, consequence
Observational Behaviour (Bandura, 1965)
Observing an other’s actions, their consequences guide your actions - links operant conditioning and cognitive learning theories
Process of Observational Behaviour
Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation, reinforcement
Token Economies
Behaviour modification - tokens are earned for performing a behaviour, later exchanged for reward. Used with Asperger’s, Autistic, schizophrenic patients
Stages in Token Economies
- Identify encouraged behaviours
- Identify “reinforcers”
- Establish a system (earning tokens)
- Using chart - visual representation
Systematic Desensitisation (Joseph Wolfe, 1958)
Replacing an anxiety response with a relaxation response - pairing fear hierarchy with relaxation techniques
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Changing thoughts and behaviours that maintain a phobia
Positive Reinforcement
Strengthening a behaviour through rewards
Negative Reinforcement
Strengthening through the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
Modifying Behaviour - Response Cost
Weakened response through removal of a pleasant stimulus
Modifying Behaviour - Punishment
Weakened response through delivery of an unpleasant stimulus
Behaviour modification
the application of classical and operant conditioning to behaviour and learning
