THEORIES OF LEARNING

Question 1

What is operant conditioning

Answer 1

Based on trial and error learning
Coach may manipulate environment to achieve success
Shapes behaviour through reinforcement to strengthen the SR bond
USE OF REINFORCEMENT TO ENSURE THE CORRECT RESPONSES ARE REPEATED
satisfier - action promoting a pleasant feeling (success)
Annoyer - criticism to promote avoidance of incorrect responses

Question 2

The stimulus response bond

Answer 2

Operant conditioning strengthens the SR bond
Repeated actions can be learnt
Positive reinforcement,negative reinforcement,punishment

Question 3

3 methods of reinforcement for operant conditioning

Answer 3

Positive reinforcement - pleasant stimulus given to increase likelihood of correct response
Negative reinforcement - taking away pleasant stimulus after correct response
Punishment - unpleasant stimulus to prevent incorrect actions from happening again and to break the SR bond

Question 4

4 stages of observational learning

Answer 4

Attention
Retention
Motor production
Motivation

Question 5

Describe the attention stage of observational learning

Answer 5

Making the demonstration attractive to the performer
People paying attention
Explain the reason they’re learning it
Memorable - loud , bright , attractive
Accurate with clear instructiins

Question 6

Describe the retention stage of observational learning

Answer 6

Remembering the demonstration and being able to recall it from memory
Break it into chunks (chunking)
Repeating the info given
Accurate and clear
Role model/expert in group when demonstrating
Learner must attempt the skill as soon as they have seen it

Question 7

Describe the motor production stage of observational learning

Answer 7

Having the mental and physical ability to do the demonstration
Set tasks at same level ability as the learners
Make sure task can be understood
Success should be achieved in early stages then progressively make it harder as the learner progresses
Learner needs time to practise and master skill before moving on

Question 8

Describe the motivational stage of observational learning

Answer 8

Having the drive to do the task / demonstration

Question 9

Describe the social development theory

Answer 9

Learning by association / interaction with others
Coach/teachers/teammates who are more experienced
MKO gives direct examples and advice
Demonstrating values : effort , communication , lifestyle
Inter psych learning- externally using MKO for advice feedback and tactical knowledge construct actions based on whats been learnt externally
Intra psych - within after inter psych learning learner assesses their current performance and what they need to do to advance MKO can give advice as the skill is advanced

Question 10

What is constructivism

Answer 10

Building up learning in stages based on current level of performer
Learning from MKOS and adding to the skills you already know
Zone of proximal development - next stage of learning based on performers needs , expectations and current level
1. What can i do alone
2. What can i do with help
3. What can i not do yet

Question 11

Describe the insight learning theory

Answer 11

Using experience to solve problems relating to the whole skill
Concentrate on whole rather than parts
Sporting problem - sporting knowledge used to find a solution - idea tried
If tactic works it will be used again in the future (changed behaviour)
May use skills in a competitive environment
Whole task is good for realistic scenarios
Self satisfaction and intrinsic motivation
Develops cognitive process - independent learners