AGRESSION AND MOTIVATION

Question 1

what is aggression

Answer 1

intent to harm others outside the rules ; hostile behavior
the intent to harm
outside the rules
reactive
out of control
deliberate and hostile

Question 2

what is assertion

Answer 2

well motivated behavior within the rules
controlled
goal directed
not intended to harm
within the rules
well motivated
not intended to harm

Question 3

what is the problem with boxing

Answer 3

within the rules to punch your opponent, but there is intent to harm when you punch someone
instrumental aggression- intent to harm but within the rules

Question 4

causes of agression

Answer 4

Aggressive cue hypothesis
Social learning theory
Instinct theory
Frustration aggression hypothesis

Question 5

what is catharsis

Answer 5

letting off steam
sport can be seen as a release for channeling aggression that could otherwise surface in a different situation
if the aggressive intent is given an outlet, then the aggressive drive will be reduced
catharsis as a benefit of playing competitive games

Question 6

aggressive cue hypothesis

Answer 6

aggression is caused by a learned trigger
increased frustration - increased arousal/anger - aggressive response
aggressive responses will only occur if learned cues are present
aggression can be learned from significant others ‘nurtured aggression’

Question 7

social learning theory

Answer 7

learning by associating with others and copying behavior
observe - identify- reinforce - copy

Question 8

problem with the social learning theory

Answer 8

aggression can be instinctive and reactive
plays react aggressively without being in a position where they have observed others

Question 9

instinct theory

Answer 9

when aggression is spontaneous and innate
all performers are born with an aggressive instinct that will surface with enough provocation

Question 10

problem with instinct theory

Answer 10

not all aggression is instinctive or spontaneous, some is learned and pre - tended

Question 11

frustration - aggression hypothesis

Answer 11

occurs when goals are blocked and the performer becomes frustrated (innate aggressive tendencies)
block causes frustration - frustration leads to aggression - release of aggression is catharsis
player may harbor aggressive instincts and seek revenge

Question 12

preventing aggression

Answer 12

channel aggression into assertion
walk away from situation
use mental rehearsal
punish aggression with fines
do not reinforce aggressive acts in training
talk to players to calm them down
substitute an aggressive player
reinforce non - aggression
do not reinforce aggressive acts in training
punish players by sending them off
apply rules consistently

Question 13

what is motivation

Answer 13

a drive to succeed

Question 14

2 types of motivation

Answer 14

extrinsic - comes from an outside source
intrinsic -comes from within - the feeling of pride and satisfaction having completed a task

Question 15

2 types of extrinsic motivation

Answer 15

tangible - rewards that can be touched
intangible rewards - cannot be touched

Question 16

extrinsic vs intrinsic motivation

Answer 16

extrinsic rewards can be overused and can lose their power / value
rewards become the norm and players do not value the game
compete for rewards rather than enjoyment and health benefits
extra pressure may lead players to cheat
intrinsic is better and long lasting

Question 17

how can a coach maintain intrinsic and extrinsic motives

Answer 17

offering rewards such as player of the week
making activities fun and enjoyable
point out health benefits
break down skills to ensure success in each part
make performer feel responsible for any success- praise
attributing success internally-tell performer good result was bc of them
set achievable targets
use feedback to correct errors and to inspire