THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP Flashcards
It seeks to explain how and why certain people become leaders
Leadership theories
Such theories often focus on the characteristics of leaders
Leadership theories
This may attempt to identify the behaviors that people can adopt to improve their own leadership abilities in different situations
Leadership theories
In other words the theories propose that certain people were simply
Born leaders
True or false
Some more recent theories propose that processing certain traits may not help make people nature leaders, but that experience and situational variables also play a critical role
False it will may help
Enumerate the leadership theories
Great man theories
Trait theories
Contingency theories / situational theories
Behavioral theories
Participative theories
Management theories
Relationship theories
Enumerate the leadership styles
Authoritarian leadership or autocratic
Participative leadership or democratic
The negative leadership or Laissez-faire
According to this point of view great leaders are simply born with the necessary internal characteristics
Great man theories
Greatman series states that leaders are simply born with the necessary internal characteristics such as
Charisma, confidence, intelligence, and social skills
Great man theories states that internal characteristics such as charisma, confidence, intelligence, and social skills make leaders_____
Natural born leaders
Who and when did the great man theory is created
1840 by Thomas carlyle
Intrinsic leadership traits defining a distinct leader includes
Intelligence
Sociability
Confidence
Charisma
This theory assume that the capacity for leadership is inherent, that great leaders are born not made
Great man theories
These theories often portray great leaders as heroic, mythic and distinct rise to leadership when needed
Great man theories
This term was used because at the time leadership was thought of primarily as a meal quality especially in terms of military leadership
Great man
The term great man was used specially in terms of
Military leadership
Such theories suggest that people cannot really learn how to become strong leaders, it’s either something you are born with or born without
Great man theories
This is similar in some ways to great man theories, This assume that people inherit certain qualities and treats that make them better suited to leadership
Trait theories
Who and when did the treat theory was formulated
Gordon Allport 1936
Trait theory was categorize to three levels namely
Cardinal traits
Central traits
Secondary tree
These focuses on particular variables related to the environment that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation
Contingency theories of leadership
Four leadership styles
Directing
Coaching
Supporting
Delegating
Highly directive behavior, with little supportive emphasis
Directing s1
Highly directive behavior with high levels of support
Coaching S2
Highly supportive behavior with low levels of support
Supporting S3
Low supportive behavior and low directive emphasis too
S4 delegating
According to this theory no leadership style is best in all situations
Contingency theories or situational theories
Effective leadership is not just about the qualities of the leader it is about striking the ______leadership style, quality of the followers and aspects of the situation
Right balance
These are based upon the belief that great leaders are made not born
Behavioral theories
Consider it as the flip side of the great man theories
Behavioral theories
These leadership theory for possess on the actions of leaders not on mental qualities or internal states
Behavioral theories
According to this theory people can learn to become leaders
Behavioral theories
Behavioral theories states that people can learn to become leaders through
Teaching and observation
This theory suggest that ideal leadership style is one that takes the input of others into account
Participative theories
In this theory leaders and cottage participation and contributions from group members and help group members feel more relevant and committed to the decision making process
Participative theories
However in this theory the leader retains the right to allow the input of others
Participative theories
Management theories are also known as
Transactional theories
These focuses on the role of supervision organization and group performance
Management theories or transactional theories
These theories based leadership on a system of rewards and punishment
Management theories
Relationship theories are also known as
Transformational theories
These focuses upon the connections formed between leaders and followers
Relationship or transformational theories
These motivates and inspire people by helping group members see the importance in higher good of the task
Transformational leaders
These leaders are focused on the performance of group members but also want each person to fulfill his or her potential
Transformational leaders
It refers to a leader’s characteristic behaviors when directing, motivating, guiding, and managing groups of people
Leadership style
They can also motivate others to perform create an innovate
Leadership styles
In____a group of researchers led by psychologist_____set out to identify different styles of leadership
1939
Kurt lewin
Also known as autocratic leaders these provide clear expectations for what needs to be done when it should be done and how it should be done
Authoritarian leadership or autocratic
This style of leadership is strongly focused on both command by the leader and control of the followers
Authoritarian leadership
There is also a clear division between the leader and the members
Authoritarian leadership
These leaders make decisions independently with little or no input from the rest of the group
Authoritarian leaders
Researchers found that decision making was less creative under What type of leadership
Authoritarian leadership
Authoritarian leadership if abuse may usually be viewed as
Controlling, bossy, and dictatorial
It is best applied to situations where there is little time for group decision making or where the leader is the most knowledgeable member of the group
Authoritarian leadership
Also known as democratic leadership it is typically the most effective leadership style
Participative leadership or democratic
These type of leaders over guidance to group members but they also participate in the group and allow input from other group members
Democratic leaders
These leaders encourage group members to participate but retain the final say in the decision making process
Participative leaders
In this type of leadership group members feel engaged in the process environment motivated and creative
Participative leadership
These leaders tend to make followers feel like better and important part of the teeth which helps foster commitment to the goals of the group
Democratic leaders
The followers in this group also made more demands on the leader, show people cooperation, and we’re unable to work independently
The negative leadership or Laissez-faire
These leaders offer little or no guidance the group members and leave decision making up to group members
Delegative leaders
It often leads to poorly defined roles and a lack of motivation
Delegative leadership
Lewin states that this leadership style tend to result in groups that block direction where members blame each other for mistakes, refuse to accept personal responsibility, and produce a lack of progress and work
Laissez faire leadership
It is often identified as the single most effective style
Transformational leadership style
This style was first described during the late 1970s and later expanded upon my researcher Bernard M. Bass
Transformational leadership style
Transformational leadership style was described during the late___and expanded upon by researcher____
1970s
Bernard M. Bass
Some of the characteristics of his style of leadership or the abilities to motivate the inspire followers and the direct positive changes in groups
Bernard M. Bass
These leaders tend to be emotionally intelligent energetic and passionate
Transformational leaders
They are not only committed to helping the organization achieve its goals but also to help improve members fulfill their potential
Transformational leaders
Research has revealed that this style of leadership resulted in higher performance and more improve group satisfaction than other leadership styles
Transformational leadership style
These views the leader follower relationship as a transaction
Transactional leadership style
The ____focuses on the follower completing required tasks in exchange for monetary compensation
Transaction
One of the main advantages of this leadership style is that it creates clearly defined roles
Transactional leadership style
It allows leaders to offer a great deal of supervision and direction if it’s needed
Group members may also be motivated to perform well to receive awards
Transactional leadership style
Two types of situational leadership styles
Hersey and Blanchard’s leadership styles
Blanchard’s SLII leadership styles
It is one of the best known situational theories first publish in 1969 which describes four primary styles of leadership
Hersey and Blanchard’s model
Hersey and Blanchard’s model describes four primary styles of leadership including
Telling style
Selling style
Participating style
Delegating style
Characterized by telling people what to do
Telling style
Involved leaders convincing followers to buy into their ideas and messages
Selling style
Is marked by allowing group members to take a more active role in the decision making process
Participating style
Involves taking a hands off approach to leadership and allowing group members to make the majority of decisions
Delegating style
Eat emphasize how the developmental and skill level of learners influences the style that should be used by leaders
Blanchard expanded model
Blanchard also describe four different learning styles including
Directing style
Coaching style
Supporting style
Delegating style
This involves giving orders and expecting obedience but offers little in the way of guidance and assistance
Directing style
Means giving lots of orders but leaders also give lots of support
Coaching style
Is an approach that offers plenty of help but very little direction
Supporting style
This style is low in both direction and support
Delegating style
Like most things,______it’s a highly multifaceted subject and it is a mixture of many factors that help determine why some people become great leaders
Leadership
