Theories and Theorists

Question 1

Follow the Child

Answer 1

Montessori. Multi age groups of students based on period of development. 3 Stages to the learning process- Intro by lecture lesson experience; dev understanding thru experiment; knowing- able to teach/take test w confidence.

Question 2

Assertive Discipline

Answer 2

Canter. Teacher sets clear expectations for behavior and follow thru with consequences consistently. Students obey or face consequences.

Question 3

Bloom’s Taxonomy

Answer 3

Creating, Evaluating, Analyzing, Applying, Understanding, Remembering. 3 Domains of Edu activities- cognitive, affective (attitude), skills (psychomotor)

Question 4

Operant Conditioning

Answer 4

Skinner- Basis of Behavioral Learning- learning is a function of change in behavior . Changes are responses to events. When response is reinforced by rewards student becomes conditioned to respond that way.

Question 5

Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 5

Maslow- Lower need to be met 1st. Physiological, Safety, Love, Esteem leads to self actualization people who achieve first 4 can max potential for learning

Question 6

Theory of Moral Dev

Answer 6

Kholberg- 1. Pre Con- obedience and punishment. 2. Pre Con- individualism, (not just 1 right view). 3. Conv- good boy/girl (people should live up to moral standard). 4. Conv- law and order (rules of society). 5. Post Con- social contract 6. Post Con- principled conscience (working toward concept of good society)

Question 7

Supportive and Preventative Discipline; “sane messaging”

Answer 7

Ginnot- class atmosphere, describe the issue and events of concern. Attempts to leave students self esteem intact consider and dev solution w support

Question 8

Learning thru Experience

Answer 8

Dewey- Individual, free activity, experiences. School is a social institution and process of living not to prepare for future living, Kids to be prob solvers by helping to learn to think. students are active decision makers

Question 9

With-it-ness

Answer 9

Kounin- teachers must have awareness of classroom, pace lessons smooth transitions

Question 10

3 Levels of Culture

Answer 10

Hidalgo- Concrete- surface level-clothes,music games. Behavioral-social roles, lang. Symbolic- values and beliefs,customs religion

Question 11

Multiple Intelligences

Answer 11

Gardner- Verbal, Logical, Visual, Spatial, Bodily, Music, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Nature

Question 12

Direct Instruction

Answer 12

Hunter- pts of a lesson- objectives, standards of perform, anticipatory set, teaching. guided practice, lesson closure, extended practice

Question 13

2 Types of Misbehavior

Answer 13

Jones- Talking (80%) Goofing off (20%). To keep kids on task- body language, incentive systems, efficient indiv help for students

Question 14

Discovery Learning and Constructivism

Answer 14

Bruner- learning=active process, learners construct new ideas based on prior knowledge. Constructivist- students ability to solve real life prob and make meaning thru reflection. Discov Learning- teaching methods that enable students to discover info

Question 15

Stages of the Ethic of Care

Answer 15

Gilligan-moral dev of women. Pre Con- indiv, survival. Conv- self sacrifice is goodness, Post Con- principle of non-violence

Question 16

Funds of Knowledge

Answer 16

Moll- teachers should seek and use outside knowledge, families etc.

Question 17

Classical Conditioning

Answer 17

Pavlov-basis of behavioral learning, response to an unconditioned stimulus (natural), dogs salivating

Question 18

8 Stages of Human Dev

Answer 18

Erikson. Infancy- trust v mistrust. Toddler- autonomy v guilt. Early Ch- initiative v guilt. Element and MS- competence v inferiority. Adoles-ID v Role Confusion. Yng Adult- Intimacy v isolation. Mid Adult.- generatively v stagnation. Late Adult- integrity v despair

Question 19

Stages of Cognitive Development

Answer 19

Piaget- Sensorimotor. Pre-operational-o/ view world as they do. Concrete op-reason logically, converse and reverse operations. Formal Op- reason in hypothetical and abstract thought.

Question 20

Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 20

Vgotsky-interactions influence cog dev. Area b/w what kids can do independently and what the goal is- what they can do with teacher assistance teacher provides support to build them up.

Question 21

Advanced Organizer

Answer 21

Ausubel-Intro before learning begins. designed to help students link prior knowledge

Question 22

Choice and Control Theory

Answer 22

Glasser- focus on student behavior, not the student when resolving conflicts, use class meetings. student say in curric, ownership of learning and safe space.

Question 23

Social Learning Theory

Answer 23

Bandura- Modeling, kids learn through observing others