Teacher Professionalism Flashcards
School in Society
reflects the society and socializes students
School as a Society
consists of a complex interrelationship of teachers, students, administrators, parents, and others
Who’s in Charge of Education
The Constitution of the United States does not assign the responsibility for education to the federal government, leaving the responsibility to each state.
state board or commission
responsible for the operation of the schools
state commissioner
reports to the state board; oversees a state education department
state education department
responsible for the state’s daily responsibility of the schools
state government
consists of the governor, the legislature, and the courts have the ultimate responsibility for public education
Building principals
Reports to the superintendent and are responsible for the daily operations of their school building
Teachers
responsible for teaching their students and carrying out district and state education policies
Schools (law)
may not discriminate against students, teachers, or others because of their race, sex, ethnicity, or religion
Teachers (law)
do not have to provide information unrelated to employment on an employment form or to an interviewer
Students (law)
Handicapped students ages 3-21 are entitled to a free and appropriate public education as a matter of federal law
1st Formal Education
began about 2000 B.C. in northern Africa and China
Three Philosopher-intellects
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
Socrates
developed the Socratic or inquiry method of teaching
Plato
believed that education should help a person fully develop body and soul
Aristotle
introduced a scientific and practical approach to education
Formal Roman Education
began about 50 B.C. after Rome conquered Greece
Quintilian
wrote a series of 12 books around 70 A.D. that described current and preferred Roman educational practices
Dark Ages
400 to 1000 A.D.
St. Thomas Aquinas
one of the religious leaders that led the revival of learning
Renaissance and the Reformation
1300 to 1700 A.D.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
wrote Emile in 1762, held a positive view of children and believed that education should be a natural process
Pestalozzi
established schools that incorporated methods that enabled students to develop concepts through manipulative materials
Herbert
Pestalozzi’s student
Froebel
influenced by Rousseau and Pestalozzi
kindergarten
child’s garden
American Education
1600s, children educated at home by their parents
Dame schools
began in the east
Secondary education
Latin grammer schools, provided a classical education
education laws
introduced in the mid-1600s in Massachusetts
Private schools
limited to those who could afford to pay
rural America
not enough students enrolled; area schooling provided by tutors through 1700s and by itinerant teachers through the 1900s
English grammar schools
began as secondary school in 1700s
Common schools
provided free, public education for all students beginning in the 1800s
Horn books
the alphabet covered by a transparent horn
New England primer
1st substantial text and was used as a reading text until the late 1700s
American spelling book
written by Noah Webster
McGuffy’s readers
reading books geared for different grade levels
American schools
based upon teachings of Pestalozzi and Herbart
Maria Montessori
established her school, Casa Bambini, in 1908
John Dewey
established the first “progressive” school in the 1900s
progressive education movement
sought to build a curriculum around the child rather than around the subject matter
essentialist movement
teacher-centered classroom
federal government
-took a more active role in the schools since the Depression of the 1930s
Public Law 94-142/99-457
federal government’s first direct intervention in school instruction
Public Law 98-199
mandates transitional services for high school students
Bruner/Process of Education
urged student’s active involvement in the learning process.
Skinner/behaviorism
Skinner thought learning material should be broken down into small manageable steps; students taught step by step and rewarded for success
Piaget
posited that students go through stages as they develop concepts: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational
